微關係：後人類時代翻譯研究的大方向

Micro-relations: the Macro Directions of Translation Studies in the Post-human Age

鄭惠雯(Cheng, Hui-Wen)

《譒》 創刊號 (2020/10) Pp. 75-91

摘要

翻譯研究在上個世紀經歷了「語言學轉向」和「文化轉向」，漸漸跳脫原作與譯本之間對應關係的狹隘比較，注入各種新的文學、文化與批判理論的養分，進而開拓跨領域的研究方向，結出豐碩的學術成果。然而，今日世界正經歷科技跳躍式的劇烈變化，研究者確實有必要在新的環境條件之下繼續修正、發展新的研究方向和方法。筆者認為翻譯研究將進入另一次轉向－「後人類」轉向，故本文將從「微關係」（micro-relations）的角度重新思考翻譯研究的未來方向，探討譯者與文本之間、譯者和輔具之間以及不同譯本之間的關係，這些關係是否也反映出時代的複雜變局而變得更加繁複瑣屑，希望能藉此討論使翻譯研究有更加貼近時代脈動的論述。本文探討重點將觸及：（一）翻譯研究的轉向：爬梳翻譯研究如何從語言學轉向、文化轉向到後人類轉向。（二）譯者和文本的關係：過去譯者往往一人獨力完成大部頭譯作，但今日資本主義以及全球化趨勢的主導之下，為了使資訊快速流通，專案分工的出版模式逐漸成為主流。這或許意味著譯者與文本的關係不再是全面整體的，而是經過拆解的片面關係。（三）譯者與工具的關係：字典、詞彙表、書籍、筆記、參考文本等工具一直是翻譯者不可或缺的輔具，今日數位資訊高度發展的情況下，各種功能強大的線上翻譯軟體又如何形塑譯者的能力，本文將從史蒂格勒（Bernard Stiegler）稱之為「第三保存」（tertiary retention）的概念細究譯者和工具的關係。（四）譯本的比較研究：過去對於同一作品的各個不同譯本的討論多半基於對等概念之下的比較，但若根據巴拉德（Karen Barad）的說法，每一個不同譯本皆可視為一種「在內－行動」（intra-action），包含了各種因素同時在不同層次的影響。

關鍵字

後人類 ； 翻譯研究 ； 翻譯輔具 ； 譯本比較

並列摘要

Translation studies has experienced a ＂linguistic turn＂ and a ＂cultural turn＂ in the last century, gradually breaking away from a narrow comparison of the corresponding relationship between the original and its translation, seeing a rapid expansion of research interests to include current literary, cultural and critical theories, and thus opening up interdisciplinary researches and yielding fruitful academic achievements. Today's world is undergoing dramatic changes in science and technology. It is necessary for researchers to continually develop new research approaches and methods accordingly. The author believes that translation studies is entering another phase, that is, the ＂post-human turn.＂ Hence, this paper proposes a rethinking of the future direction of translation studies from the perspective of ＂micro-relations.＂ The questions of how translators are related to texts and tools and how different versions of translation should be approached would be explored to see if their complexity aptly reflects the pulse of the times. It is hoped that this discussion contributes to an innovative way of thinking about translation. Thus, this paper will focus on: 1. The historical ＂turns＂ taking place in this field, from linguistic to cultural, and now a post-human turn is proposed. 2. The relationship between translators and texts: in the past, translators managed to complete their tasks mostly on their own, but today with the development of capitalist globalization, the demand for quick information flow is high. As a result, the mode of project division has become prevalent. This may mean that the relationship between the translator and the text is no longer whole but partial as the text is dissected into parts. 3. The relationship between the translator and the tools: dictionaries, glossaries, books, notes, reference resources and other tools have always been indispensable aids for translators. Today, with the development of digital technology, various powerful online translation softwares are available. How do they shape the translator's ability? This paper examines the relationship between translator and tool from Bernard Stiegler's concept of tertiary retention. 4. Translation comparison: discussions of different versions of the same work have been carried out mostly according to an equivalence-based comparison. But if Karen Barad's agential realism is taken into consideration, each translation can be viewed as an ＂intra-action＂, dynamism of forces working inseparably at different levels.

並列關鍵字

post-human ； translation studies ； translation tools ； translation comparison