對厭女論普適化的疑議與探究－以多元交織性作為考察尺度

Inspecting the Universalized Misogynism-An Inquiry with View of Intersectionality

林香君(Lin, Hsiang Chun)

《佛光人文學報》 4期 (2021/01) Pp. 281-318

摘要

西方厭女論的復活與被快速普適化地套用於不同的地域與文化──也包括台灣社會──反映了性別的後殖民文化現象，但如果厭女論本身缺乏對處境脈絡差異的辨識敏銳性──即女性主義的多元交織性視角──就可能對經驗主體形成去脈絡的認識與簡化。基於此背景與問題意識，本研究選取當前在美國與台灣主導厭女論的兩本論著：Kate Manne（2018）的《Down Girl》和王曉丹等（2019）編著的《這是愛女，也是厭女》進行論述分析，就交織性辯證的尺度檢視兩書作者論述的實際表現，探討：一.作者的論述對經驗進行具交織性意識的認識嗎？二.如果具有交織性意識，足以反映主體的處境嗎？三.如果具有交織性意識，就多重社會範疇與（反）本質化議題來定性，又是怎樣的一種交織性？就《Down Girl》分析的結果發現：雖Manne宣稱其「改良式厭女論」可為交織性保留空間，但以白人女性視角對書中多位非白人女性案例的社會處境差異辨識顯得相當模糊與不足，其所想像的交織性仍是以性別作為基本範疇且本質化，如此厭女論便存在三個缺失：（一）對多元壓迫形式的化約與忽視、（二）壓迫關係形式恐被固定想像、（三）落入白人女性主義的窠臼。就《愛／厭》書分析結果發現：整體上顯示交織性意識單薄，僅有三位作者的論述可能涉及交織性視角，但三者間交織性意識參差不齊，有具交織性但未能反映處境全貌、有略提及交織性概念但實是單一性別視角、有連女性主義基本的互為主體性關係原則都失落。歸納兩書的分析結果，反映當前厭女論在社會處境辨識的表現有三類：（一）無交織性意識、（二）以性別為基本範疇的唯性別交織性形式、（三）表現交織性意識但只反映局部範疇。總結而言，整體上目前的厭女論相當缺乏交織性意識，快速套用易形成去脈絡的強加與簡化，本研究呼籲性別文化研究者宜返回女性主義方法論的脈絡主義，避免簡化套用厭女論來認識經驗主體；而閱聽大眾亦宜允許自己作主體性的敘說以抵制厭女論的強加。

關鍵字

多元交織性 ； 脈絡主義 ； 厭女論 ； 女性主義

並列摘要

The revival of Western misogynism and its rapid universalized to different cultures including Taiwan are the continual reflection of Post-colonization about gender ideology. However, any gender theory without the contextual sensitivity-- that is, intersectionality-would make a simplified explanation. This study gave the discourse analysis on two representative academic works of misogynism, which are ＂Down Girl＂ written by Kate Manne in 2018 ,U.S.A. and ＂Ai-Nyu (like Girl)/Yen- Nyu(dislike Girl)＂ written by 12 authors and edited by one of them in 2019 ,Taiwan. In generally, most of the discourses in the two books lack the sensitivity of intersectionality. However, some pieces in the books that might be possible related with intersectionality were explored further. The results revealed that some were totally no sense of intersectionality, some view based on gender-only and even white-feminism bias, while very few show the sense of intersectionality but pitifully to uncover the reality insufficiently. It is appealed for researchers of gender culture to back to the contextualism of feminist methodology and avoid the misuse of misogynism. And to narrative our own experience and resist the impose of misogynism would be the better way of subjectification.

並列關鍵字

contextualism ； intersectionality ； feminism ； misogynism