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  • 學位論文

臺灣草莓種原庫對炭疽病菌之抗性篩檢

Screening of strawberry germplasm in Taiwan for resistance to Colletotrichum spp.

指導教授 : 鍾嘉綾

摘要


草莓炭疽病的病原為 Colletotrichum spp.,可感染草莓全株,在各個生長期都造成危害。臺灣田間炭疽病菌族群以 C. siamense 為主 (佔75%),C. fructicola 次之 (佔11%)。臺灣的主流栽培品種 ‘桃園 1 號’ 對炭疽病十分感病,因此產業上對於具有良好園藝性狀又抗病的新品種有殷切需求。國內草莓種原保存於桃園區農業改良場新埔工作站及苗栗區農業改良場,可做為抗病育種的親本來源,但目前對其抗感病性並不明瞭。為篩選具抗病力之育種潛力親本,本研究建立可同時評估葉部炭疽病及冠腐病的接種系統,以本土代表性菌株 C. siamense ML133 及 C. fructicola ML356 接種種原庫中的 27 個品種 (系),發現 ‘福羽’、‘TYS16091’ 及 ‘TYS16109’ 抗性較佳。為加速抗病育種的進程,以炭疽病菌培養濾液處理草莓葉圓片之方式,建立抗性評估快篩法,結果顯示以第二展開葉為材料表現最為穩定。比較 9 個草莓品種對兩代表性菌株之接種試驗與葉圓片試驗結果,發現兩者並無顯著相關性,因此利用葉圓片來進行快篩技術的實際應用,還需更多改良與重複測試。目前有關草莓與炭疽病菌交互作用的研究,幾乎僅限於 C. acutatum 及 C. gloeosporioides,為瞭解本土代表性草莓炭疽病菌 C. siamense 與 C. fructicola 侵染抗病、感病草莓寄主的顯微構造及引發之抗性反應,應用台盼藍 (trypan blue) 及二氨基聯苯胺 (diaminobenzidine, DAB) 染色進行早期侵染構造觀察,發現抗性品種 ‘福羽’、‘Tufts’ 與 ‘Solana’ 葉片上的孢子發芽率及壓器產生率均顯著低於感病品種 ‘桃園 1 號’,而四個受試品種被感染之葉部組織均未觀察到過氧化氫的累積,顯示 ‘福羽’、‘Tufts’ 與 ‘Solana’ 所帶抗性可以有效延緩 C. siamense 與 C. fructicola的侵染,但其機制可能並非來自過敏性反應。

並列摘要


Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum spp. The pathogen can infect the whole strawberry plant at all growth stages. The predominant Colletotrichum spp. causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan are C. siamense and C. fructicola that account for 75% and 11% of the anthracnose cases, respectively. The most popular cultivar in Taiwan, ‘Taoyuan no.1’, is highly susceptible to anthracnose. The newly selected cultivars possessing both desirable horticultural traits and disease resistance are necessary in the industry. The stock of strawberry germplasms in Taiwan were kept in Taoyuan and Miaoli District Agricultural and Research Extension Stations, which are potential donor candidates for resistance-breeding. However, their susceptibilities to anthracnose are unclear. To screen the potential resistance lines for breeding, we established an inoculation system which can evaluate their susceptibilities according to the symptoms on the foliage and crown at the same time. Among the 27 cultivars inoculated with C. siamense ML133 and C. fructicola ML356, two representative local isolates, ‘Fukuba’, ‘TYS16091’ and ‘TYS16109’ possess relatively higher resistance. To facilitate the process of breeding, a leaf disc assay method (strawberry leaf discs treated with the culture filtrate of Colletotrichum spp.) was developed. Stable results were achieved with the use of the second youngest leaves. There was no significant correlation between the results from Colletotrichum spp. inoculation and the leaf disc assay of 9 cultivars, suggesting that the leaf disc assay method needs further modification. Previous research on host-pathogen interactions between strawberry and Colletotrichum spp. mostly focused on C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. In order to understand the microscopic structures and the induced defense responses during infection of the local species C. siamense and C. fructicola in strawberry, trypan blue and 3',3'-diaminobenzendine (DAB) staining were used to observe the early-stage infection structures of the pathogen. Significantly lower spore germination rates and appressorium formation rates were observed from the resistant cultivars ‘Fukuba’, ‘Tufts’, and ‘Solana’ than the susceptible cultivar ‘Taoyuan no.1’, and no hydrogen peroxide was accumulated in the infected leaf tissues of the four tested cultivars. The resistance of ‘Fukuba’, ‘Tufts’, and ‘Solana’, which can effectively delay the infection of C. siamense and C. fructicola, is unlikely associated with the hypersensitive reactions.

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