本文利用六輕工業區的營運作為自然實驗﹐希望觀察新生兒健康是否因為母體暴露於工業區所排放的空氣污染而遭受損害。本文針對於1996-2006年出生在雲林縣、宜蘭縣、桃園縣、高雄縣、高雄市、屏東縣、嘉義縣、彰化縣﹐以及台南縣的單胞胎新生兒進行分析﹐利用二氧化硫超過75 ppb的總時數來衡量新生兒在出生前所承受的二氧化硫汙染程度﹐並使用工具變數「動工後出生於雲林」與「動工後出生於下風處」來解決可能存在的內生性問題。 研究結果發現﹐控制新生兒的胎次、父母親教育程度、母親生育年齡是否大於35歲或是低於20歲﹐以及月份效果以後﹐在動工後出生的雲林新生兒﹐其出生體重平均而言減少約102.8 公克﹐若是進一步控制母親固定效果﹐則在動工後出生的雲林新生兒其出生體重平均而言減少約100公克。在懷孕週數的部分﹐則是分別減少0.44 與0.528 週。此外﹐同樣控制新生兒的胎次、父母親教育程度、母親生育年齡是否大於35歲或是低於20歲﹐以及月份效果以後﹐在動工後出生於下風處的新生兒﹐其出生體重平均而言減少約57公克﹐若是進一步控制母親固定效果﹐則其出生體重平均而言減少約67.38公克。在懷孕週數的部分﹐則是分別減少0.253與0.37週。
The operation of the No.6 naphtha cracking complex was used as a natural experiment to observe whether the exposure of mother to air pollution would affect the health condition of new born infants. In this paper, total exposure hours to $SO_2$ over 75 ppb are used as the index of air pollution to analyze the health condition of single terms in Yunlin, Ilan, Taoyuan, aohsiung County, Kaohsiung City, using ``born in Yunlin after operation ' and ``born downwind after operation' as instrument variables to cope with the endogeneity problem. Results showed that, after controlling the parity, the parents’ education background, the age of expectant mothers and month effect, infants born in Yunlin after the operation of the cracking complex would be 102.8 g lower in weight on average. Furthermore, after controls of mothers’ fixed effect, the birth weight would be 100 g lower on average. Similarly, gestation would be 0.44 and 0.528 weeks shorter respectively. Besides, if we consider infants born downwind after the operation, the average birth weight will be 57 g lower, and 67.38 g lower after controlling mothers’ fixed effect, while the gestation would be 0.253 and 0.37 weeks shorter respectively.