遮陰、灌溉與施氮肥延遲鳳梨冬季自然抽穗

Delay of Natural Flowering in Pineapple (Ananas comosus) by Shading, Irrigation and Nitrogen

林孟姿(Meng-Tzu Lin)

指導教授 ： 林宗賢

共同指導教授 ： 楊雯如(Wen-Ju Yang)

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.00107

摘要

台灣冬季光周期較短且溫度較冷涼，鳳梨易在此時期抽穗，中斷產期調節計畫，使產期過度集中於夏季，為鳳梨產業上尚待解決的問題。本試驗擬在冬季利用遮陰、灌水與施氮肥處理，使能有效控制鳳梨冬季自然抽穗，達到生產秋冬果實的目的。
施氮肥處理可促進鳳梨葉片的生長速率，提高葉片的濃綠度，而遮陰處理會抑制葉片生長，且葉片會變的較長，葉片較濃綠，可滴定酸含量明顯小於對照組。於遮陰網拆除後，其葉片可滴定酸含量在2週內即回復與對照組無異，顯示鳳梨對光照環境有很強的適應能力。
遮陰與施氮肥處理可降低鳳梨葉片碳水化合物含量與提高氮含量，使植株有較低的碳氮比，而延緩鳳梨的抽穗。遮陰加施氮肥處理在2007年至2008年嘉義地區試驗可延遲鳳梨4週抽穗，延後2週採收；在2008年至2009年彰化地區試驗，可達到完全抑制的效果。結果顯示試驗處理可有效控制鳳梨冬季自然抽穗，調節產期。
遮陰處理的果實比對照組輕，但仍達1.2 kg以上，可溶性固形物含量較低，而可滴定酸含量稍高。因此在遮陰網拆除後，應使植株恢復生長勢後再進行催花，以免影響果實的發育與品質。

關鍵字

鳳梨 ； 自然抽穗 ； 遮陰 ； 灌溉 ； 施氮肥 ； 碳氮比

並列摘要

Pineapple flowering could be induced naturally by shorter photoperiod and low temperature during winter in Taiwan, which broke off pineapple seasonal regulation and contributed to the over-production in summer. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to prevent the pineapple natural flowering in winter by shading, irrigation and nitrogen application.
Leaf growth rate of pineapple could be increased and leaves turned much green due to nitrogen treatment; on the other hand, leaf growth rate was inhibited and leaves tended to be longer and much green, and the tirtatible acidity was significantly lower than control under shading. However, the shading caused lower in tirtatible acidity could be recovered in 2 weeks after the shading removed, which indicated that pineapple had strong adaptability to light.
Shading and nitrogen treatment could reduce carbohydrate content and increase leaf nitrogen content in pineapple respectively, and both led to raise leaf C/N ratio and thus delayed the natural flowering in winter. Shading plus nitrogen treatment could delay natural flowering for 4 weeks and fruit harvesting for 2 weeks in Chia Yi trial during 2007 to 2008; the same treatment could completely inhibit natural flowering in Chang Hua trial during 2008 to 2009. The result revealed that shading plus nitrogen treatment could effectively delay/inhibit natural flowering in pineapple and prevent the breaking off of pineapple seasonal regulation.
Even thought fruits of the shading plus nitrogen treatment were smaller than those of the control, the fruit weight was over 1.2 kg. Besides, the total soluble sugar was lower, and titratable acidity was higher. Therefore, a period of growing to recover plant vigor before forcing is suggested for the purpose to improve fruit quality.

並列關鍵字

Pineapple ； natural flowering ； shading ； irrigation ； nitrogen application ； C/N ratio

參考文獻

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