中日海洋政策之比較研究

海洋是人類的重要資源，也是各國權力互動與地緣政治的重要舞台。在東亞地區的海洋議題上，存在有關國家之間的領土爭議。該地區的兩個強國，則中國與日本之間存在海洋領土爭議，並造成兩國的緊張局勢。本研究的主要目的，在於透過分析並比較中國與日本的海洋政策，瞭解兩國海洋政策的未來發展和兩國互動關係。筆者認為，這針對評估未來東亞情勢至關重要。雖然中日之間有海洋爭端，但同時，雙方還開展一些海洋合作以及為了避免意外衝突推進建設雙方對話機制。所以，筆者認為，只安全方面評估中日有關海洋的關係，可能過於簡化圍繞海洋的兩國關係。因此，本研究以「中日海洋事務高級別磋商會談」參加官員的歸屬組織為參考，還從海洋安全、海洋經濟、海洋資源開發與海洋環境保護的四個面向探討中日海洋政策以及兩國互動關係。本研究運用歷史的研究途徑，蒐集包括中國、日本以及其他國家官方發表資料、智庫調查報告、圖書、期刊論文等文獻資料以及衛星圖像等資料。並採用文獻分析法與比較分析法，探討並比較中日海洋政策之特徵以及互動。本研究發現，中日在圍繞海洋的安全、經濟與資源開發議題上，存在對抗與競爭關係。特別是，海洋安全與資源開發議題與國家領土主權問題交織在一起，不容易在短時間內將兩國關係轉變為合作關係。另一方面，日本和中國在海洋環境保護政策方面有合作關係。在該領域的合作關係很可能長期持續下去。

關鍵字

海洋政策；海洋安全；海洋經濟；海洋環境保護；海洋資源開發；中日關係

並列摘要

The ocean is an important resource for human beings and an important arena for power interactions and geopolitics among nations. In the maritime issue of East Asia, there are territorial disputes between the countries concerned. Two powerful countries in the region, China and Japan, have maritime territorial disputes that have created tensions between the two countries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the maritime policies of China and Japan to understand the future development of their maritime policies and the interaction between the two countries. I consider that it is crucial to assess the future situation of East Asia. Although there are maritime disputes between China and Japan, at the same time, they have also developed some maritime cooperation and pushed forward to build a dialogue mechanism between them in order to avoid accidental conflicts. Therefore, I think that assessing the maritime relations between China and Japan only in terms of security may over-simplify the relationship between the two countries around the ocean issues. Therefore, this study takes the participating officials in the “Sino-Japanese Senior Consultation on Maritime Affairs” as a reference, examining the Sino-Japanese maritime policy and the interaction between the two countries from these four perspectives: maritime security, maritime economy, maritime resource development, and marine environmental protection. This study uses a historical approach and collects documents from official publications, think tank reports, books, journal articles, and satellite images from China, Japan, and other countries. The study also uses documentary and comparative analysis to explore and compare the characteristics and interactions between China and Japan's maritime policies. This study finds that there is a confrontational and competitive relationship between China and Japan in terms of security, economic, and resource development issues around the ocean. In particular, maritime security and resource development issues are intertwined with national territorial sovereignty issues, and it is not easy to change the relationship between the two countries into a cooperative one in a short period of time. On the other hand, Japan and China have a cooperative relationship in the area of marine environmental protection policy. The Cooperative relationship in this area is likely to continue in the long term.