堤外廣土水環流：防洪建設、人水關係與社子島地景張力

在既有的學術討論中，基礎建設經常被視為常民無法、或甚少感知的系統，唯有在意外時才會從隱形變為可見。儘管此種觀點在近年已遭挑戰，基礎建設的感知面向仍有待探索。本文以與社子島有關的防洪建設為主題，探討基礎建設作為「地景」，如何透過「再現」與「日常生活」被感知。社子島在1970年被經濟部指定為「洪氾區」，但仍持續有居民在社子島生活。臺北市政府於1974年開始建設社子島防潮堤，該防潮堤並於1987年核定的「社子島築堤保護案」提高到20年洪水重現期距的強度至今。期間，社子島先後興起了蔬菜專業區、未登記工廠聚落等土地使用。本文討論臺北都會及社子島的防洪基礎建設之再現，以及社子島居民們的日常生活，發現社子島與臺北都會防洪建設的差距，與社子島落後、與都會隔絕形象有所連結。而社子島防潮堤的綠美化措施，試圖翻轉社子島的負面形象，卻排除部分在地居民參與，反而在一定程度上更拉開社子島與臺北的距離。至於社子島的親水生活、與水有關的民俗活動，以及日常生活的各個層面，則呈現有機、多元的特性。透過觀察社子島與臺北都會的關係，以及社子島地景之「再現」與「日常生活」的交集，本文主張社子島的處境，不只是「社子島遭臺北犧牲」的論述足以理解，而是涉及了社子島與臺北都會兩套防洪建設的衝突，並與「洪水」必須排除在「都市」之外的觀點有關。而地景的「再現」與「日常生活」並非總是對立的兩端，而是具有緊密的連結，並在不同情境下浮現互相穿梭的動態。

關鍵字

防洪基礎建設；人水關係；地景；社子島；臺北

並列摘要

Scholars used to regard infrastructures as systems that people cannot, or can only seldom perceive, and that only become “visible” under emergencies. Despite the above-mentioned perspective has been challenged in recent years, the discussion regarding perception of infrastructure is still yet to be explored. This thesis used flood control infrastructure (FCI) related to Shezidao as a study subject to explore how people perceive infrastructures through representation and everyday life. Though Shezidao was designated as a “flood zone” of Taipei metropolitan by Ministry of Economic Affairs in 1970, there were still residents living. To mitigate flood risks in the area, the Taipei City Government started the construction of Shezidao tide-break levee in 1974. In the 1987 plan, the levee was heightened to defend Shezidao against a 20-year flood. From then to date, unique land-use types, such as special zone of vegetables and clusters of non-registered factories, gradually formed. This thesis drew on “landscape” perspective to analysis the representations of FCI of Taipei metropolitan and Shezidao, as well as the everyday life of Shezidao residents. It was found that the gap between the two FCI systems resulted in the image of the backwardness and isolation of Shezidao. The Taipei City Government conducted greening programs of the tide-break levee to reverse the negative image. However, some local people were not included in the programs. Therefore, the city government had once again reproduced the separation of Shezidao and Taipei to a certain degree. Nevertheless, with the everyday life and cultural activities that intimate to water, the everyday landscape of Shezidao presented organic and diverse features. This thesis examined the relation between Shezidao and Taipei, as well as the intersection of “representation” and “everyday life” of Shezidao landscape. This thesis argued that Shezidao is not simply “an area sacrificed by Taipei.” The situation of Shezidao is related to the conflict between the two FCI systems and the idea that the flooding water must be excluded from the urban space. Moreover, landscape of “representation” and “everyday life” not always is a binary opposition, but deeply connect and shuttling through each other under different contexts.