- 學位論文
淨水場原水、清水、配水微量金屬濃度分佈特性及其與臍帶血中重金屬關係之探討
Distribution of trace metal in raw, finished, distributed water and their association with cord blood trace metal levels
摘要
台灣自來水供水系統相當完善，普及率極高。而近年來部分研究顯示，長期暴露於自來水中的微量重金屬物質，有可能對人體造成健康的影響。因此，本研究針對國內92座淨水場水質中重金屬濃度進行檢測，主要目的為瞭解淨水場於原水、清水及配水中微量金屬濃度的分佈情形，分別探討其水樣中金屬濃度的來源以及影響，並分析配水與臍帶血中金屬濃度變化的相關性。本研究以感應耦合電漿質譜儀（Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry, ICP-MS）進行原水、清水及配水中20種微量金屬濃度分析，並將結果分別與地質中金屬礦物分佈、淨水場之處理流程及臍帶血中金屬濃度進行相關性探討。利用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System, GIS)進行淨水場位置定位、圖層套疊及環域分析，將金屬濃度資料整合後以統計軟體(Statistical Analysis System, SAS)進行統計分析。研究結果顯示，原水中元素砷於沖積層地質濃度平均值為1.49±1.51 µg/L，其濃度值明顯高於其他地質之原水含砷量(p<0.05)。且位於沖積扇平原之嘉義及彰化地區，淨水場原水中砷的濃度平均值分別為3.12±1.07 µg/L及2.87±0.11 µg/L，相較於其他地區淨水場之原水，含砷量較高(p<0.05)。而淨水場處理流程之差異，於處理後之清水中元素砷、鈹、鈷、鉻、錳、鎳、鉈及釩之濃度平均值下降；元素銻、硒、銀則濃度上升，其濃度之差異性達統計上顯著差異(p<0.05)。於半徑2、3及4公里之供水範圍內，臍帶血與配水中元素鈹、鎘、鉬、鈾、銻之濃度呈現正相關。因此，針對經由配水所攝取之微量金屬，於體內長期累積下可能造成的健康影響，值得在後續相關研究進一步探討。
並列摘要
The water supply system in Taiwan is quite well established and its serving rate is extremely high. However, recent studies have indicated that adverse effects resulting from exposure to trace metals in tap water could occur at low levels. Therefore, the main purpose of this study were to characterize the distribution of trace metal levels in raw, finished, distributed water, in order to explore the source of and the effect of exposure to trace metals in water, and to correlate the trace metal levels in distributed water and cord blood. Trace metal levels in water of 92 domestic water treatment plants were analyzed in this study. Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the analysis of 20 trace metals in raw, finished and distributed water. Furthermore, the results were examined for in the association with geologic properties, water treatment processes and trace metals in cord blood. Geographic information system (GIS) was utilized to identify the location of, to localize the buffer zones of and to overlap layers on GIS for water treatment plants. Analytical data was integrated and analyzed by Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Results showed that the mean arsenic concentration was 1.49±1.51 µg/L in raw water from the alluvium area and was higher than those from other geologic area (p<0.05). Mean arsenic concentrations in raw water from Yunlin and Chiayi, both located in the alluvium area, were 3.12±1.07 µg/L and 2.87±0.11 µg/L, respectively, relatively higher than those in other regions (p<0.05). Certain trace metals, including As, Be, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Tl, V increased levels in finished water after water treatment while others decreased, i.e., Sb, Se, Ag. Within water serving zones with radius of 2, 3 or 4 kilometers, positive correlations were found for trace metals of Be, Cd, U, Mo, Sb between distributed water and cord blood. In summary, these findings in the present study will be helpful for relevant studies in future to further explore the association between trace metals background levels in raw water and the health potential effects in human.
並列關鍵字
Raw water ； finished water ； distributed water ； trace metal ； cord blood ； water treatment plants參考文獻
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