碳纖維布超高電容之應用：電容式去離子裝置及能源儲存模組

Application of Carbon Fiber Cloth Super-Capacitor: Capacitive Deionization Device and Energy Storage Module

簡廷育(Ting-Yu Chien)

指導教授 ： 吳乃立

國立臺灣大學/工學院/化學工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00264

摘要

在此研究內，碳纖維布超高電容被運用於電容式去離子技術及大型能源儲存模組。
奠基於非理想反應器的分析上，我們分析了在於平板式電容式去離子反應器中去離子程序的表現。反應器的去離子能力可以藉由出口流體的電導度變化來判斷，並且吸附時間分布曲線可以呈現電容式去離子的行為，如在去離子程序的特定時間下去除離子的比例，和體積流速、去離子組數、及入口流體濃度對於去離子程序的時間影響。由積分吸附時間分佈曲線所得到的累積吸附曲線之斜率可以觀察吸附離子的效率。此外，藉由無因次之吸附時間分布曲線回歸，可以運用一特性函數來歸納平板電容式去離子反應器之行為。藉由平均吸附時間回歸預測及此特性函數的合作，去離子程序的行為及所需時間可以直接被推測並重建出其系統條件下的吸附時間分布曲線。由於此分析可以事先評估所需的時間與反應器大小，因此將會有益於技術的實際運用。延伸的改進可以著重於吸附量的評估，若此評估於目前研究結合，將能得到一完整平板電容式去離子反應器關於吸附量、程序時間及反應器尺寸的分析。
平板式疊加的設置也被運用在碳纖維布超高電容大型能源儲存模組中。碳纖維布超高電容的正負極活物比、可用電位範圍、集電板及隔離模的材料選擇和模組的組態設置皆在放大尺寸前先行最佳化。在0.2 A的充放電流下，各組15 × 15 cm2超高電容可以提供110 F和1.5 V。為了提高能源儲存容量，串聯與並聯次模組也在研究中測試，而串並聯的效果趨勢經由回歸方式所分析並整合。由於完整的電容放大分析與將串並聯效果預測整合，此研究方法將可以運用於大型超高電容模組的準備與設計。

關鍵字

超高電容 ； 碳纖維布 ； 電容式去離子技術 ； 能源模組 ； 程序分析

並列摘要

In the study, two applications of carbon fiber cloth (CFC) supercapacitor were investigated: capacitive deionization (CDI) and large-scale energy storage module.
On the basis of non-ideal reactor analysis, deionization process in a planar type CDI reactor was analyzed. The deionization capacity can be determined by conductivity measurement, and adsorption time distribution, E(t), represents the behavior of capacitive deionization, including the fraction of adsorbed ions at certain time and the effects of flow rate, cell number, and feed concentration on time of deionization step. Cumulative function, F(t), obtained by integrating E(t) can reveal the processing efficiency via slope change. Additionally, characterization of the CDI process can be achieved by normalized adsorption time distribution, E(theta); an characterization equation was obtained by applying lognormal model in the fitting of E(theta). By using characterization equation and fitting of mean adsorption time which was done by nonlinear surface fitting method and equation addition fitting method, E(t) can be reconstructed for any operation condition; as a result, behavior and time of deionization step can be evaluated. The analysis is beneficial to practical use because it can estimate the performance in advance by determining corresponding process time and reactor size. Further improvement can focus on the estimation of deionization capacity, and if it is integrated together, a complete CDI process analysis relating to deionization capacity, process time, and reactor size can be achieved.
The planar stack configuration was also applied in the investigation of large-scale carbon fiber cloth supercapactior module. The C/A ratio of CFC, potential window, the material of current collector and separator, and the module configuration were optimized before scaling up the supercapacitor module. Each CFC cell of 15 cm × 15 cm can deliver 110 F and 1.5 V at 0.2 A. The results of Large-scale CFC supercapacitor submodule connected in parallel and serial were studied; a 11-cell serial submodule can deliver 11.2 F and 16V, and a 6-cell parallel submodule can deliver 840 F and 1.5V. In addition, the trend of parallel/serial connection was studied, and by fitting equations, the electrochemical properties of module no matter how the cells are connected can be evaluated. It is believed that the study of large-scale module set up and the evaluation of module performances can be applied to the preparation and design of large-scale modules because it includes thorough information about scaling up from small-scale cell to large-scale module.

並列關鍵字

Capacitive deionization ； Large-scale supercapacitor module ； Supercapacitor ； Carbon fiber cloth ； Process analysis

參考文獻

6. 林彥伯. 非對稱超高電容器之製備與分析. 臺灣大學, 台北市.

54. X. W. Wang, F. T. Jiang, Q. L. Suo, Y. Z. Fang, and Y. Lu, "Self-supporting Macroscopic Carbon/Ni-Fiber Hybrid Electrodes Prepared by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Various Carbonaceous Compounds and Their Capacitive Deionization Performance", Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 27, 2605-2612 (2011).

71. Lih-ren, Chen, Mu-fa, Cheng, and Chun-shen, "CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION SYSTEM FOR WATER TREATMENT", US, 20080198531 (2008)

52. X. F. Wang, "The performance of 600F power super capacitor using carbon nanotubes electrodes and nonaqueous electrolyte", Chinese Journal of Electronics, 14, 45-48 (2005).

2. J. Schindall, "The charge of the ultra-capacitors", Ieee Spectrum, 44, 42-46 (2007).