習近平時期中國人民解放軍改革之研究

中國人民解放軍作為中共政權的主要武裝力量，亦是其維繫政權的重要基石。自中共1949年建政以來，始終堅持「以黨領軍」，強調「槍桿子出政權」，是以歷任領導人皆把掌握軍權視為首要任務。而習近平在2012年11月正式接任中國共產黨中央總書記以及中央軍事委員會主席，成為第五代中國領導人之後，即提出「中國夢」並推動一系列的改革措施，其中包含「深化國防和軍隊改革」，並依照「軍委管總、戰區主戰、軍種主建」原則，調整軍委總部體制、將原本的四大總部改為多部門制、成立新型軍種、重新劃分戰區、組建聯合作戰指揮機構，以及健全軍委聯合作戰指揮機構等建置。此次改革不僅針對過往解放軍所面臨的指揮體系、資源分配、後勤補給乃至科技發展等各項問題和不足之處更新與強化，致力將其打造成一支現代化的精良部隊，而改革之後的解放軍指揮權力，也更加集中向上收攏，有利其對於軍隊的掌控。在中共軍事改革目標已漸次達成之際，無論是美、日或是我國，均給予高度關注並進行評析。目前解放軍在陸續完成新型聯合指揮體系的建立、後勤補給強化與現代化等改革後，在遠程兵力投射能力與區域拒止能力上也有所進展，然而改革後的解放軍內部仍需時間進行調適，未來是否會產生其他問題或再推動相關改革等，亦值得深入研究。

關鍵字

習近平時期；中國人民解放軍；中國現代化；軍事改革；改革成效評估

並列摘要

As the main armed force of the CCP regime, the Chinese People's Liberation Army is also an important cornerstone of its maintenance of regime. Since the establishment of the Communist Party of China, it has always adhered to the principle of "leading the army with the party" and emphasized that "the barrel of a gun brings out the political power." Therefore, successive leaders have regarded mastering military power as their primary task. After Xi Jinping officially took over as the general secretary of the Communist Party of China and the chairman of the Central Military Commission in November 2012 and became the fifth-generation Chinese leader, he proposed the "Chinese dream" and promoted a series of reform measures, including "deepening national defense and military Reform”, and in accordance with the principle of “the CMC is in charge of the general management, the theater is the main battle, and the military is the main construction”, adjust the CMC headquarters system, change the original four headquarters to a multi-department system, set up new types of military services, re-divide the theater, and form a joint combat command organization. , as well as improve the establishment of the joint combat command structure of the Military Commission. This reform not only updates and strengthens the problems and deficiencies faced by the PLA in the past, such as the command system, resource allocation, logistics supply and even technological development, but also strives to build it into a modern and sophisticated army. Power is also more concentrated upwards, which is beneficial to its control over the army. When the CCP's military reform goal has been gradually achieved, whether it is the United States, Japan or my country, they all pay great attention and make comments. At present, after the PLA has successively completed the establishment of a new joint command system, the strengthening and modernization of logistics supplies and other reforms, it has also made progress in its long-range force projection capability and area denial capability. However, the reformed PLA still needs time to adjust itself. Other problems will arise or the relevant reforms will be further promoted, which are also worthy of in-depth study.