環境治理—以浙江省嘉興市的經濟成長、環境品質與環境管制為例

Environmental Governance—A Case Study of Economic Growth, Environmental Quality and Environmental Regulation in Jia-Xing of Zhe-Jiang

鄭冠維(Kuan-Wei Cheng)

指導教授 ： 李炳南

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.10155

摘要

中國過去採行粗放型經濟成長模式，雖然帶來高速的經濟成長，但忽視環境品質的惡果亦同時顯露於日漸頻繁且劇烈的環境災害。近年中國中央對環境保護的態度逐漸趨於堅決，促使地方政府面臨維持環境與經濟發展之間平衡的治理挑戰。本研究個案即是以經濟成長與環境品質兼籌並顧的浙江省嘉興市為例，由西方環境政治與環境經濟的相關理論觀點出發，利用協作型的環境治理模式作為理解個案中環境與經濟之間發展關係的依據。從「經濟成長與環境品質」、「環境品質與環境管制」和「經濟成長與環境管制」三個面向分析嘉興市自2007年開始實施的環境改善方案措施。透過文獻分析、深度訪談、田野調查來進行相關資料之蒐集與分析。其中共計訪談嘉興市環保局與嘉興市所轄三個開發區的官員，和嘉興市6家製造業企業。探討嘉興市政府與企業在環境管制上的互動；討論嘉興市表現出環境與經濟和諧發展的原因；以及中央政府在環境品質態度上的轉變，對於嘉興市政府在環境政策制定以及環境執法等層面的影響。研究結果顯示，西方環境治理理論運用至中國環境治理的現實情況，需部分調整，尤其公民社會之相對虛弱使得部分西方觀點不可能套用於中國之現實，同時西方相關理論相對忽視資本及技術等累績對環境治理之正面影響。其次，除了受到中央政府的環境政策規範之外，中國地方政府的環境治理也同時受到地方鑲嵌和全球鑲嵌的影響。亦即地方一方面受到地方政府領導人、產業結構、地理環境等地方鑲嵌因素的影響，另一方面也由於廠商為了維持在國際市場上的競爭力，使得國際環保規制對地方企業的影響遠大於地方政府的環保標準。最後，本研究透過與西方環境治理模式的比較與修正，描繪出中國地方環境治理中各行動者之間的互動關係。

關鍵字

環境治理 ； 嘉興市

並列摘要

In the past, China has adopted the extensive economic growth model. Although the model created a remarkable economic increase in China, at the same time, it omits any protection from environmental disaster caused by gradually exhausting natural resources. As a result of the recent transformation of environmental protection policy by the Chinese central government, local governments face the challenge of balancing environment and economic development. This study takes Zhejiang Province's Jiaxing City, a city that develops a harmonious relationship between economic development and environmental quality, as an example. This article is based on theory concerning the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth, emphasizing the importance of collaborative environmental governance.
The analysis of environmental improvement plans implemented since 2007 in Jiaxing City focuses upon three aspects — “economic growth and environmental quality”, “environmental quality and environmental regulation” and “economic growth and environmental regulation”. Research data include documentary analysis, in-depth interview, and field study, especially interviews with Jiaxing City’s Environmental Protection Bureau officials, three economic development area officials, and several manufacturing enterprises. This thesis examines multiple aspects of interactions between environmental regulations, Jiaxing’s city government, and local enterprises.
The result of local development in Jiaxing city shows relative harmony between the environment and economics. On the theoretical side, we see deficiencies in related Western theory since civil society in Jiaxing city is not as far developed as Western theory generally assumes, on the other hand, Western theory largely neglects the contributions of capital accumulation and technological advancement to the effectiveness of company based environmental governance. Western environmental governance theory thus has to be adjusted, when applied to environmental governance in China, in order to more accurately reflect the reality there. Furthermore, in addition to being influenced by the central government's policies, environmental governance on the local level is also influenced by both local and global embeddedness. Local diversity is therefore not only a product of more or less influence by the central government, but entangled in different levels of globalization, brought into play by transnational companies. Local governance is on the one hand influenced by local embeddedness factors such as local leadership, industrial structure, geographical environment, and etc. On the other hand, however, since enterprises have to maintain competitive against their counterparts around the world, international environmental regulations, rather than local regulations, play a more significant role in determining the regulatory standards to follow. Finally, by modifying western theories, this article delineates interactive relationships among all the main actors in China's local environmental governance.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Governance ； Jia-Xing City

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