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  • 學位論文

我國租稅法案之功能分析:2000年-2016年

Functions of Taxation in Taiwan:From 2000 to 2016

指導教授 : 蘇彩足

摘要


本研究係將2000年至2016年經立法院三讀通過、總統公布的內地稅租稅法案,先依各該立法意旨化約定性為財政收入、社會公平類之改善所得分配與促進稅負衡平,以及政策工具類之經濟目的與非經濟目的等5項功能別,再分別依各該功能別、進而時序別及政黨別,從中得出臺灣兩大政黨政府過去各自8年執政期間,順利通過法案功能別的統計數字與比率;嗣後藉由此結果,觀察各該政黨政府較重視或偏向的租稅功能價值,據以推導出各該政黨政府的租稅傾向。之後,本研究再藉由問卷調查,了解一般大眾對於我國租稅法案功能的認知,並與前段研究結果再次相互對照分析。 本研究透過文獻檢閱分析、描述性統計、歷史比較分析及問卷調查法等4種研究方法獲致結論如下:(一)客觀面--租稅功能與租稅傾向:1.由過去16年來租稅法案功能的數量分析,臺灣在2000年至2016年顯然較側重於租稅的政策工具功能,相較之下,財政收入功能最被忽略。(二)由過去16年來租稅法案功能數量及時序之軌跡分析,民進黨政府與國民黨政府兩者的租稅傾向是相似的。(二)主觀面--租稅認知:1.問卷調查結果發現,即便租稅與自身財產權有密切關聯,但多數民眾對於租稅法案都相當陌生。2.問卷調查結果發現,多數民眾對於租稅的財政收入功能有認知落差且最不重視。(三)主觀與客觀結果之綜合觀察:1.過去兩黨政府皆較重視租稅的其他政策工具功能,惟多數大眾卻對租稅的社會公平功能有較強烈期待,顯示政府與人民對租稅功能的定位,似有落差。2.有關租稅的財政收入功能,政府在過去16年來最為忽略,且其同時也最不為一般民眾所重視,是以在此兩相漠然的情形之下,似乎較難期待該項功能在現今民主體制社會中有所翻轉。

並列摘要


This study firstly examines the internal revenue tax law that passed Third Reading in Legislative Yuan and sent to the State President for promulgation in Taiwan from the year 2000 to 2016 via their legislative purposes into five characterizations:function of financing, function of income redistribution, function of reducing tax differentiation, function of policy instrument aimed at economics and function of policy instrument aimed at non-economic targets. The research secondly analyzes and compiles the figures and ratios in terms of function, sequence and political party, predicated on which respectively infers the tax inclination of DDP government from 2000 to 2008 and KMT government from 2008 to 2016, and then applies the questionnaire survey to acquire the general public perceptions of taxation functions in Taiwan, again comparison with the preceding result of this thesis accordingly. The results of this thesis are as follows:First, Taiwan government from 2000 to 2016 obviously lays particular stress on the function of tax policy instrument, and function of financing is somehow neglected by contrast. Besides, the tax inclination of DDP government from 2000 to 2008 and KMT government from 2008 to 2016 are similar. Second, even if taxation is much relevant to individual’s property right, most people are still unfamiliar with tax law. Furthermore, there is a perception gap in function of financing, to which most people give least weight in the meanwhile. Third, Taiwan government in the past years, both DDP government from 2000 to 2008 and KMT government from 2008 to 2016, attached great importance to the function of policy instrument, yet the public much looking forward to function of fairness, which symbolizes a gap between the government and the people toward orientation of taxation. Moreover, under the reality that function of financing is both disregarded by Taiwan government and people, that function seems quite arduous to be respected in democratic society nowadays.

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