原住民部落居民對民宿業發展 衝擊的環境識覺差異分析 －以司馬庫斯、新光部落為例

An Analysis of Spatial Differentiation on the Environmental Perception Impact of the Development of Home-stay Industry in Indigenous Villages Smangus and Hsin Kuang as examples

陳錦鴻(Jinn-Hung Chun)

指導教授 ： 張長義

國立臺灣大學/理學院/地理環境資源學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.00256

摘要

台灣原住民為紓解部落經濟不振，積極尋求以觀光產業作為替代部落發展策略，在發展部落觀光過程，乃以民宿業接納更多遊客；部落發展民宿業雖可為地方帶來經濟的利益，但同時也造成社會文化及實質環境方面的衝擊；在原住民部落民宿的發展中，當地居民不但是自然資源管理者，同時也是旅遊服務提供者，本研究深入剖析司馬庫斯與新光部落居民對民宿業發展衝擊的認知與態度，以作為資源管理者之參考。
本研究採問卷調查法為主訪談為輔，進行資料的收集與分析，主要以設籍於新竹縣尖石鄉司馬庫斯及新光部落的居民，年滿十六歲之現地居民為抽樣母體，進行便利抽樣，正式施測後所蒐集的資料以SPSS 10.0 for Window 套裝軟體處理。資料處理的統計方法包括有描述性統計分析、無母數統計中的Kolmogorov-Smirnov二樣本檢定法來比較差異分析。
居民社經屬性方面，兩地受訪居民以男性泰雅族原住民居多、年齡比例分配上大致在26~45歲區間、教育程度以國中以下比例佔最高、居住時間大多集中在31年以上、收入在二萬元以下、職業以農林牧業為主、多數己婚有子女。居民對於民宿業發展衝擊認知差異部分，研究結果發現，雖然整體而言二部落皆對經濟及社會文化的影響是正面多於負面，但經深入了解得知司馬庫斯以「共同經營」方式成功化解居民間的衝突，而新光部落居民間的衝突仍然持續發生，就實質環境認知上二部落皆產生負面影響較無差異；二部落居民對於未來發展民宿業態度差異部分，司馬庫斯較新光部落居民同意擴大發展民宿業、及為保護生態景觀願意減少收益及控制遊客人數的態度，而產生顯著差異，二地區對於結合生態旅遊、文化、傳統及特產發展民宿業的態度皆表示高度的支持。
最後，本研究建議發展民宿業時，應讓部落居民共同參與部落事務，確保因民宿業發展所帶來的經濟利益由部落獲得，重視原住民傳統文化逐漸喪失的議題、加強部落環境保育及解說導覽服務並落實環境影響評估，嚴格劃定不准開發環境脆弱地，建立部落特色作為永續發展主要目標。

關鍵字

環境識覺 ； 原住民部落 ； 民宿 ； 司馬庫斯部落 ； 新光部落

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
To solve the economic depression in aboriginal tribes of Taiwan, the residents try to promote travel service to advance local development. In the process of the development of travel service in the aboriginal tribes, it appeals to many tourists. Although the development of the homestay business in the aboriginal tribes can bring economic profits, it also results in a great impact on social culture and substantial environment. Besides, the residents are the managers of the natural resources as well as the providers of the travel service. This article is about the recognition and attitudes of homestay business in the Smangus and Hsin-Kuang tribes as the reference for the resource keeper.
This research is based on questionnaire research method and assisted by interview research method to conduct the information collecting and analyzing. For convenient sampling, the “mother samplers” are residences who are 16 years old and also had registered in Smangus and Hsin-Kuang tribes in Hsin Zu. The official testing results will be analyzed by a software called SPSS 10.0 for window. There are two kinds of data-analyzing systems; one is descriptive analyzing and Kolmogorov-Smirnov to compare the differences.
The study reveals that most interviewed residents are at the age of 26 to 45 from Taiga tribe. Most of them have junior high school degree and have lived in the tribe for more than 31 years, with income of NT20,000 below. Their major vocations are about agriculture, forestry and cattle-raising industry. Besides, most of them are married and have children. Local residents surely play an important role in the development of the home-stay industry in the aboriginal tribes. They are the managers of natural resources as well as the providers of tourism. However, we have to figure out what kind of position can bring home-stay the development of integrated economics, the essence of environment and the developing of culture. The results from the research had found out that the difference recognition toward the impact on the home-stay industry development for local residence are more positive than negative whether for economic or social influences. After an in-depth research, it can be sure that Smangus use integrated management method successfully brings reconciliation to the conflict among residences, but the conflicts inside Hsin-Kuang tribes keep going. In the the essence environment recognition part, there are no much differences about the negative impacts on two tribes, Smangus is more willing to expand homw-stay industry than Hsin-Kuang tribes. Moreover, in order to protect ecological environment, there are differences between two tribes whether two reduce the benefits and control the visitors from the industry or not. They are the managers of natural resources as well as the providers of tourism. However, we have to figure out what kind of position can bring home-stay the development of integrated economics, the essence of environment and the developing of culture.
Finally, this research suggests that when we develop the homestay business, we should decrease the negative impact of the environment, strengthen the environmental protection, provide the service of guide tour and live out the evaluation of the environment to establish the tribe characteristic as the major goal in terms of the sustainable development.

並列關鍵字

Environment Perception ； Aboriginal Tribe ； Homestay ； Smangus Tribes ； Hsin-Kuang Tribes

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