臺灣中部地區懷孕婦女H1N1新型流感疫苗接種行為及相關因素探討

Acceptance of H1N1 influenza vaccination and related factors among the pregnant women in the middle area of Taiwan

李幸倫(Hsing-Lun Li)

指導教授 ： 黃璉華

國立臺灣大學/醫學院/護理學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.00803

摘要

面對21世紀首次流感大流行，為減少H1N1新型流感病毒在社區中的流行及降低死亡率的發生，世界衛生組織表示疫苗接種是減少疾病發生率與死亡率的重要措施。本研究以健康信念模式為基礎，利用自擬結構式問卷，以彰化縣（市）為研究收案場所，主要研究目的在於瞭解影響懷孕婦女H1N1新型流感疫苗接種行為的相關因素，由於這是國內首次的懷孕婦女疫苗接種計畫，瞭解孕婦對於該次疫苗接種的經驗與看法，對於未來公共衛生政策的推行有其參考價值。
本研究屬回溯性個案對照研究，問卷由研究對象自填，研究期間共回收163位有效樣本資料，接種組74位，對照組89位，問卷回收後以SAS統計軟體9.2版進行資料分析。研究結果顯示影響懷孕婦女H1N1新型流感疫苗接種行為因素為專科以上學歷（OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.14~0.89）、醫療相關行業（OR=0.10, 95% CI:0.01~0.84）、知道孕婦需接種H1N1新型流感疫苗的建議（OR=4.53, 95% CI: 1.09~18.79）以及H1N1新型流感疫苗接種障礙性認知（OR=12.18, 95% CI: 3.64~40.71）。而年齡、孕產史、宗教信仰、家庭平均收入、健康行為與健康狀況、孕期健康、季節性流感疫苗接種史、H1N1新型流感知識等因素則無統計上顯著差異。
透過本研究瞭解到國內懷孕婦女H1N1新型流感疫苗接種率低於國外，除了疫苗接種障礙性因素外，仍有其他因素影響懷孕婦女的疫苗接種行為。建議應加強婦產科醫師對懷孕婦女感染流感的罹患性與嚴重性認知，並強化孕婦感染流感的通報與監測機制，並克服民眾或醫療人員對流感及疫苗的錯誤認知，在疾病與疫苗接種訊息的提供，應針對高知識分子及醫療人員給予更詳細且深層的資訊，以提升懷孕婦女疫苗的接種率，讓政策推展更有成效。

關鍵字

懷孕婦女 ； H1N1新型流感 ； H1N1新型流感疫苗 ； 健康信念

並列摘要

Facing the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century, in order to reduce the prevalence of the H1N1 flu virus in the community and reduce the mortality, the World Health Organization suggested that vaccination is an important strategy. Based on the Health Belief Model, this study used a structured questionnaire to collect data in Changhua area. Due to the pregnant women vaccination program for the first time, the main purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and views of the vaccination of pregnant women, and to understand the factors affecting H1N1 vaccination behavior of pregnant women, to provide for reference value for public health policy in the future.
This study was a retrospective case-control study, self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 163 valid samples were collected, with 74 in vaccination group, 89 in control group. Data was analyzed with SAS statistical software version 9.2. The results revealed that factors affecting H1N1 vaccination behavior of pregnant women included college education (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.89), medical professional (OR=0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.84), knowing pregnant women need to inoculation of H1N1 recommendations (OR=4.53, 95% CI: 1.09-18.79) and the perceived barriers of H1N1 influenza vaccination (OR=12.18, 95% CI: 3.64-40.71). Age, pregnancy history, religion, and the average household income, health behaviors and health status, health status during pregnancy, seasonal influenza vaccination history, H1N1 influenza knowledge and other factors had no statistically significant differences.
Study results showed that domestic H1N1 vaccination rates of pregnant women was lower than other country. In addition to vaccination barrier factors, there are some other factors. It is recommended that obstetricians should be strengthened the cognition of susceptibility and severity of pregnant women infected with H1N1 influenza, and to strengthen the reporting and monitoring mechanisms of pregnant women infected with H1N1 influenza, and to overcome the misunderstanding of the public or medical personnel to H1N1 influenza vaccine. People with higher education and medical professional should be given more detailed information related to the disease and vaccination, to increase pregnant women’s vaccination rate, and to promote more effective policies.

並列關鍵字

pregnant women ； novel Influenza A (H1N1) ； novel influenza A (H1N1) vaccine ； health beliefs

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