都市公園的空間配置與溫度表現關係之研究

Relationship of Spatial Configuration and Temperature Performance in Urban Park

褚漢威(Han-Wei Chu)

指導教授 ： 林寶秀

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.00987

摘要

近年來，臺灣都市化嚴重，建物、不透水面積率增加，造成綠地面積減少、都市環境中熱排放增加，影響都市的環境氣候，造成都市高溫化的熱島效應現象，藉此，公園綠地應更有效的使用，本研究在不影響基本機能使用的情況下，透過景觀設計的手法降低公園溫度，因此，主要目的在於了解都市公園不同空間配置與溫度表現之關係，根據文獻回顧與專家法，機能分區採用林蔭區、草坪區、廣場、展演舞臺區、兒童遊戲場區、運動區、服務及管理區等九種機能分區，並歸納16座全市性公園空間配置型態，進而研擬空間配置方案。
本研究採用ENVI-met 微氣候數值模擬軟體，以臺北市大安森林公園做為研究基地，利用現地觀測資料與當日臺北氣象站氣候資訊進行模擬軟體準確度驗證，確認模擬建置模型的預測能力，根據文獻回顧與專家法確立公園機能分區類型，透過16座全市性公園的機能分區圖歸納公園空間配置型態，以上風處、下風處、中央的公園空間配置概念，進一步研擬不同空間配置方案。
研究結果顯示不同空間配置與溫度表現有顯著差異，公園上風處的機能分區對公園溫度表現有顯著差異，其中，林蔭區為上風處、廣場區在下風處且公園中央機能分區為草坪區的公園空間配置降溫能力最佳。

關鍵字

降溫效益 ； ENVI-met ； 公園空間配置

並列摘要

In recent years, buildings and artificial materials increase due to the rapid urbanization, which results in the reduction of green spaces, the increase of heat emissions, and also influences urban environment and climate, causing urban heat island phenomenon. Therefore, green space in city parks need to be used more efficiently. In this research, the main purpose is to clarify how different spatial configuration scenarios have influence on air temperature. According to the paper review and expert methods, a park is divided in to 8 zones ,tree areas, lawn areas, plaza, stage performances areas, children's playground areas, sports areas, services and management functions, as nine park districts, 16 parks are picked as city park spatial configuration patterns, and further develops spatial configuration simulation scenarios.
It's difficult to observe and study every single site.so ENVI -met microclimate stimulation software is used in this study, and uses Taipei Da-An Forest Park as a study site. To comparison references, observations data and meteorological data are used, and Taipei weather station for data validation, furthermore simulates different spatial configuration scenarios.
Research results show that the performances of different spatial configurations are significant different in temperature. The temperatures in the park upwind partition are significant different in performance. Also, the scenario three has best cooling capacity when the lawn area is in central district, the tree area is in the upwind partition and the plaza area is in the downwind partition of the park.

並列關鍵字

Cooling ； ENVI-met ； Spatial Configuration

參考文獻

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