食用菇類多醣之醣組成輪廓與其菇種間的相關性

Correlation of sugar profile of edible mushroom polysaccharides and its taxonomic classification

張凱琪(Kai-Chi Chang)

指導教授 ： 呂廷璋

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/食品科技研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01253

摘要

食用菇蕈多醣被視為具潛力的免疫刺激物質，例如β-(1, 3)-D-葡聚醣、含 (1, 6) 分支的β-(1,3)-D-葡聚醣, α-葡聚醣, α-(1,6)-半乳聚醣、甘露聚醣和似糖原多醣等，其免疫調節活性會因多醣的醣組成、醣苷鍵結形式和分子量的不同而有所不同。本研究擬利用主因子統計分析 (principle component analysis, PCA) 針對21種台灣栽培食用菇類的膳食纖維含量和不可消化水可溶多醣 (ND-WSP) 的醣組成輪廓，包括含量、單醣組成、醣苷鍵結、分子量及β-(1, 3)-D-葡聚醣的含量、分支度等參數與其菇種進行分群以建立相關性。這些菇類的總膳食纖維、不可溶膳食纖維和可溶性膳食纖維的含量分別為24.78-83.76%, 19.62-76.5%和0.56-5.09%。可溶性膳食纖維之成分為ND-WSP，含量佔菇類乾重的1-4.16%，其單醣組成大部分以葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖為主，巴西洋菇、黑木耳和白木耳含有較高量的醛糖酸，並以葡萄糖醛酸為其主要；柳松菇、黑木耳和白木耳的單醣以木糖為主，香菇則含有高量的岩藻糖；而ND-WSP中主要的醣苷鍵結形式包括1, 6-Galp; 1, 3-Glcp; 1, 6-Glcp; 1, 2-Manp; 1, 3-Manp和1, 6-Manp等，並含有多種分支，例如1, 2, 6-Galp; 1, 2, 3-Galp; 1, 3, 6-Glcp; 1, 4, 6-Glcp; 1, 3, 4, 6-Glcp和1, 3, 6-Manp等；大部分的菇類ND-WSP均含有兩種分子量，其範圍分別為790-2370 kDa和8.5-20.3 kDa；當中所含β-(1, 3)-D-葡聚醣為0.69-41.66%，其分支度介於0.20-0.48之間；部份菇類的ND-WSP能刺激Raw 264.7巨噬細胞株分泌TNF-α和NO，其中又以巴西洋菇和黑木耳最為顯著；針對這21種菇類，利用PCA依其ND-WSP的醣組成輪廓、於RAW 264.7免疫刺激活性與菇種間的相關性，將其分為4個分群。

關鍵字

菇蕈類多醣 ； 膳食纖維 ； 甲基化分析 ； 主要成分分析 ； b-(1, 3)-D-葡聚醣

並列摘要

Edible mushroom polysaccharides are regarded as potential immune-stimulating substances, e.g. such as β-(1, 3)-D-glucan, (1, 6) branched (1, 3)-β-D-glucans, α-glucans, α-(1, 6)-galactans, mannans, and glycogen-like polysaccharides. The immunomodulatory activities of vary with sugar composition, glycosidic linkage pattern and molecular weight of the polysaccharide. This study intends to use the principal component statistical analysis for 21 species of edible mushrooms cultivated in Taiwan to establish the correlation of dietary fiber content and the sugar profile of indigestible water-soluble polysaccharide (ND-WSP), including the content, sugar composition, glycosidic linkage pattern, molecular weight, the content and degree of branch of β-(1, 3)-D-glucan, as parameters with the relationship of their taxonomic classification. The total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber content of these mushrooms were 24.78~83.76%, 19.62~76.5% and 0.56~5.09%, respectively. ND-WSP, the major composition of soluble dietary fiber were 1~4.16% in mushrooms dry weight, glucose, galactose and mannose are majority in their sugar composition, Agriucus. blazei, Auricularia auricula-juda and Tremella fuciformis contained higher uronic acid, and glucuronic acid were the major component. Xylose was the major monosaccharide in Agrocybe cylindracea, A. auricula-juda and T. fuciformis, and Lentinula edodes contained a high amount of fucose. The major glycosdic linkage pattern in ND-WSP were 1, 6-Galp; 1, 3-Glcp; 1, 6-Glcp; 1, 2-Manp; 1, 3-Manp and 1, 6-Manp, etc, and with several branching points, such as 1, 2, 6-Galp; 1, 2, 3-Galp; 1, 3, 6-Glcp; 1, 4, 6-Glcp; 1, 3, 4, 6-Glcp and 1, 3, 6-Manp, etc. There were two molecular weight distribution for most of ND-WSP in the range of 790-2370 and 8.5-20.3 kDa. The content of β-(1, 3)-D-glucan in ND-WSP were in the range of 0.69-41.66% and their degree of branch were 0.20-0.40. The mushrooms ND-WSP stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cell line releasing TNF-α, NO. ND-WSP of A. blazei and A. auricula-juda showed the highest activities among selected mushrooms. For selected 21 mushrooms, PCA analysis group them into four categories according to their sugar profile of ND-WSP and immune-stimulating activities on RAW 264.7 which was correlated to their taxonomic classification.

並列關鍵字

mushroom polysaccharides ； dietary fiber ； methylation analysis ； principle component analysis ； b-(1, 3)-D-glucan

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