中華民國政府在澳門：以中國大陸災胞救濟總會為中心的探討

中華民國政府遷台後，為了擴大自身在海外的影響力，以便與中共所建立的中華人民共和國抗衡，建立了不少外圍組織——「中國大陸災胞救濟總會」（下稱救總）便是其一個。救總表面上是一個專門救濟難民，特別是來自中國大陸難民的救濟組織，實際上同時執行中華民國政府所賦予的「反共」任務。救總的反共任務主要有兩個面向，一個面向是心理作戰，透過傳播中國大陸難民的慘況，對國內外說明中共統治的失當性，加強自身「反攻大陸」的正當性；另一個面向是敵後作戰，透過吸納政治上可靠的難民，訓練他們成為「敵後人員」，並向中國大陸發動襲擊。本文將以救總在澳門工作為例子，說明中華民國政府如何在澳門進行上述反共任務，而這些反共任務又如何令中華民國政府於1966年「一二三事件」後被完全驅逐出澳門。

關鍵字

澳門；中華民國政府；中國大陸災胞救濟總會；中國共產黨；冷戰

並列摘要

After the government of the Republic of China (ROC) moved to Taiwan, in order to expand its overseas influence so as to compete against the People’s Republic of China established by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), it established many peripheral organizations, including the Free China Relief Association (FCRA). On the surface, the FCRA was a relief organization that specialized in helping refugees, particularly those fleeing from mainland China. Actually, it also performed the "anti-communism" mission assigned by the ROC government. The FCRA’s anti-communism mission had two main components. One was psychological warfare. By publicizing the plight of refugees in mainland China, it discredited the appropriateness of the CCP’s rule at home and abroad to strengthen the legitimacy of the ROC government’s goal of recovering Mainland China. The other aspect was guerrilla warfare. By absorbing politically reliable refugees, the FCRA absorbed politically reliable refugees, whom it trained to work guerrilla warfare to launch attacks on mainland China. This thesis will take FCRA’s work in Macau as an example to illustrate how the ROC government carried out the above-mentioned anti-communism missions in Macau and how these anti-communism missions caused the ROC government to be completely expelled from Macau after the 12-3 Incident in 1966.