新竹縣實施敬老福利津貼政策之政經分析，1994-2011

The Political Economy of the Elderly Living Welfare Pension Policy in Hsinchu County，1994-2011

沈維淇(Wei-Chi Shen)

指導教授 ： 蕭全政

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01677

摘要

新竹縣政府自1994年開始發放敬老福利津貼迄今，長達19年（1994-2012）之久，所發放總額超過322餘億元，新竹縣政府負債則高達348億餘元。該制度自1994年以來，即做為政治動員的工具，從制度的設計與修正、預算排擠、地方與中央的攻防，乃至於2010年增修訂的排富條款，皆具有高度政治性，從政治人物、官僚體系、老人等行為者，都屬於被鑲嵌在歷史結構中的行為者，目的都在追求利益的最大化，其中的因果關係，不應被化約為選舉、政黨競爭，其背後的政治經濟關係分析，及偏差動員為本研究的重點。
　　本文嘗試從政治、經濟、社會等次體系面向，探討在「新竹縣政府敬老福利津貼實施計畫」修訂過程中，歷次修法過程中的制度形成、運作與變遷，預算排擠，及利害關係人的策略行動及後續的影響，以詮釋制度、組織與權力變遷的決定性因素；其中，包含政經社文構造與主要行為者之構造，以及該政策產出所產生的衝擊，從而形成下一波的政經社文結構。
　　為全面探討新竹縣政府敬老福利津貼實施計畫，歷任發放敬老福利津貼的縣長為了兌現其選舉承諾，均在制度上做了修正，無論是擴大發放，抑或是訂定「排富條款」，均說明了「制度設計與變遷」在政治經濟發展脈絡的重要力量，更是一種重要的政治、經濟、社會的動員偏差的現象。

關鍵字

敬老福利津貼 ； 政經分析 ； 偏差動員 ； 社會福利

並列摘要

Until now, the Elderly Living Welfare Pension Policy in Hsinchu County for 19 years (1994-2012) since 1994. The amount it gave out is over NTD $3.22 million, and the debt of the Elderly Living Welfare Pension Policy in Hsinchu County is over NTD $3.48 million. Ever since 1994 the system has been the tool of political mobilization, from system planning and modification, crowding-out effect of budget, the defense of local and central authority to a Wealth Exclusion Clause amended in 2010, are all under high politics. The governors, bureaucratic system and senior citizens were all parts of behaviors in historical construction, although their purposes are to pursuit the maximum profit, its consequences shall not be reduced by election and the inner-party competition. Therefore, the core of this study is to analyze the political economy underlying the consequence and its mobilization of bias.
　To explain the determining factors for the policy, organization and authority change, this study attempts to explore how the formulation has developed, operated and changed from the aspects of political, economic, social subsystems in each amendment of “Executive planning of the Elderly Living Welfare Pension Policy in Hsinchu County” and the impact crowding-out effect of budget, strategic action plan and follow-up matters stakeholders have done to the amendment, including the constructions of politic, economy, society and culture and main behaviors and the impact such strategy caused so as to come out the next wave of the political, economic, social and cultural constructions.
　In order that the mayors kept their promises they gave in the election, they gave the Elderly Living Welfare Pension and would examine the Elderly Living Welfare Pension Policy in Hsinchu County thoroughly. They will amended the policy, whether extending the allowance giving or formulating a Wealth Exclusion Clause, all indicate that “the policy design and change” is not only an important power for the development of political economy, but an important condition of mobilization of bias for politics, economy and society.

並列關鍵字

Elderly Living Welfare Pension ； Political and Economic analysis ； mobilization of bias ； Social welfare

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