高分子複合材料翼型梁螺栓接合試驗

Tests of Bolted Joints in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite I-Beams

孫丕凡(Pi-Fan Sun)

指導教授 ： 周中哲

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01687

摘要

本研究嘗試將國內目前救災用之鋼造便橋嘗試以高分子複合材料梁及橋面板取代，減少道路搶通和人員救援的時間，本文為研究高分子複合材料梁受撓曲載重行為，以實尺寸實驗方式研究台灣廠商所製造之高分子複合材料梁的品質、強度、勁度及救災應用的可行性，比較高分子複合材料翼型梁中間使用螺栓接頭和連續梁的力學行為機制；試驗方式為四點彎矩載重試驗，經由改變梁翼板碳纖維的含量和使用螺栓來接合，來獲得複合材料梁在不同狀況下勁度、力量和位移的關係。
為了瞭解高分子複合材料翼型梁在梁中間使用螺栓接合後的力學行為，規畫了螺栓接合以及全尺寸的試體。在高分子複合材料板螺栓接合試驗中，藉由改變螺栓的支數、排列以及螺栓的綜向和橫向間距來試驗試體的極限強度和破壞模式。螺栓接合試驗結果顯示，試體的強度隨者螺栓綜向和橫向間距的增加而增加。而當螺栓的綜向和橫向間距大於四倍螺栓直徑時，試體的承壓強度可以完全發展，同時可以使用LRFD 2005中的螺栓接合強度公式作預測。根據高分子複合材料板螺栓接合試體試驗的結果來設計高分子複合材料翼型梁中間使用螺栓接合試體。試體一到三為連續梁，而四到六為梁中間使用螺栓接合之梁。試體一和四是翼板全玻纖翼型梁，試體一為梁中間上翼板壓力破壞，試體四為梁中間扭轉破壞。試體二和五是翼板含12%碳纖翼型梁，試體二和五為力量加載處上翼板壓力破壞。試體三和六是翼板含24%碳纖翼型梁，試體三為梁中間上翼板壓力破壞，試體六為力量加載處上翼板壓力破壞。根據試體一到六的試驗結果顯示，除了試體四發生扭轉破壞，其餘試體皆是上翼板壓力破壞，而在發生壓力破壞時上翼板的應變介於0.3~0.4%。翼板全玻纖翼型梁整體彈性模數為20 GPa，翼板含12%碳纖翼型梁整體彈性模數為22 GPa，翼板含24%碳纖翼型梁整體彈性模數為28 GPa。碳纖維在翼板的體積比越高，梁整體彈性模數越大。有限元素軟體ABAQUS分析，模型一和模型二和試驗的勁度非常接近。而在局部挫屈方面，模型一挫屈時的力量和預測的誤差在4~8%之間，而模型二的誤差則在25~30%之間。

關鍵字

高分子複合材料翼型梁 ； 接合設計 ； 梁四點彎矩試驗 ； 複材接合拉力試驗 ； 多螺栓接頭

並列摘要

This study develops the technology for a temporary Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite bridge for the purposes of evacuation of victims and the delivery of food supplies in emergency disaster area. Six FRP beams manufactured in Taiwan were subjected to a four-point bending test. The objective was to study the bolted connection behavior and ultimate capacity of the FRP beam. Except for Specimen 2, two continuous FRP beams failed when the actuator load reached near 180 kN. Three FRP beams with bolted connections in the mid-span failed near the same load as those continuous FRP beams.
The behavior of composite I-beams with mechanical joints was examined using bolted connection and full-scale specimens. The effect of the number、configuration and distance(longitudinal and transverse) of bolts on the load capacity and failure mode of the double-lap bolted joints were investigated. The results showed that the increase on the load capacity was however observed with increasing distance of bolts. And the bolted connection developed full strengths when longitudinal and transverse spacing are more than 4 bolt diameters. Strength prediction (LRFD 2005) was carried out and the results showed a good correlation with the experiment when the longitudinal and transverse spacing were 4 bolt diameters. The flexural behavior behavior of full-scale composite I-beams with bolted joints at middle span connected was further examined. Specimens 1 to 3 are continuous beams, and Specimens 4 to 6 are bolted connection beams. Specimens 1 and 4 use all GFRP in the flanges. The failure mode of Specimen 1 is compression at middle span, and Specimen 4 is torsion at middle span. Specimens 2 and 5 use 12% CFRP in the flanges. The failure mode of Specimens 2 and 5 are compression at loading point. Specimens 3 and 6 use 24% CFRP in the flanges. The failure mode of Specimen 3 is compression at middle span, and Specimen 6 is compression at loading point. According to the test result of SP1 to SP6, It’s found that the failure mode of all specimens is almost the compression failure, and the maximum compression strain is located between 0.3 to 0.4%. The stiffness of beam, which use all GFRP in the flanges, is 20 GPa. The stiffness of beam, which use 12% CFRP in the flanges, is 22 GPa. The stiffness of beam, which use 24% CFRP in the flanges, is 28 GPa. It’s seems that when the higher carbon volume content is utilized, the elastic modulus will increase. The analysis results from ABAQUS show that the stiffness of model 1 and model 2 are similar to the stiffness of test results. The local buckling load of model 1 from ABAQUS is 4~8% error between analysis and prediction. The local buckling load of model 2 is 25~30% error between analysis and prediction.

並列關鍵字

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bridge ； Four-point bending test ； Bolted connection ； Multi-bolt joints

參考文獻

15 孫丕凡、周中哲、張國鎮、葉芳耀、宋裕祺、劉楨業、洪曉慧、尹世洵、邱毅宗(2012)「高分子複合材料翼型梁螺栓接合試驗」，中華民國第十一屆結構工程研討會暨第一屆地震工程研討會，台中，台灣。

12 周中哲，陳逸(2012)「玻璃纖維橋面板與鋼梁剪力接合設計及實驗評估」結構工程(100-034，接受刊登)。

14 周中哲、陳逸(2012)「玻璃纖維橋面板與鋼梁剪力接合設計及實驗評估」，中華民國第十一屆結構工程研討會暨第一屆地震工程研討會，台中，台灣。

13 周中哲，陳映全(2012)「雙核心自復位斜撐發展與耐震實驗」結構工程(100-033，接受刊登)。　

1 ABAQUS.Strandard user’s manual version 6.10. Pawtucket,RI:Hibbitt, Karlasson&Sorensen, Inc:2010.