台灣平面媒體中國報導的預警角色-以新《勞動合同法》的報導為例

The preventive alarm role of Taiwan print media’s China coverages –A Case Study of the Law of PRC’s employment contracts coverages

江明晏(Ming-yan Jiang)

指導教授 ： 張錦華

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/新聞研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01775

摘要

有人形容，赴中國大陸打拚的台灣商人，就像是淘金的礦工們，中國相對不穩定的政經環境，如同危機四伏的礦坑，只是礦坑中有金絲雀身先士卒，作為危機來到的警報系統，然而台商們身處翻騰廝殺的投資市場，誰能來扮演台商的警報系統呢？

　2008年，中國經貿新制上路，中國爆發史上最大波的台商倒閉潮，近萬家的台商紛紛倒閉、逃亡。這一波重大改變，台灣的媒體是否曾經事先預警？如果不曾預警，或預警不足，是否表示台灣媒體的中國報導，存在著根本性的缺失？ 研究樣本選取台商時常接觸的平面媒體：中國時報、工商時報、聯合報、經濟日報、商業週刊、天下雜誌，蒐集從2005年勞動法草案至2008年6月的文本，總樣本數434則，採內容分析和質的分析，以釐清台灣平面媒體是否發揮媒體預警功能，並與六位主跑大陸線的資深記者進行訪談，了解媒體發揮預警功能的過程與阻礙。

根據新聞分析結果發現，台灣雜誌與報紙媒體的報導展現不同特質與優劣。整體而言，台灣平面媒體的報導量偏少，其中報紙媒體關注勞同法的時間稍早，雜誌媒體關注勞同法的時間過慢，而兩類媒體均在法規上路後，出現正面的報導態度，在排險表現上，報紙媒體提出的見解過於消極，雜誌媒體則是唱高調、提出建議不切實際的。而在媒體記者方面，本研究發現預警功能是否能發揮與記者本身、媒體限制和中國體制有關。

本研究以報導呈現的特性，探討台灣分析報紙與雜誌媒體在中國報導各階段媒體預警功能的表現。更重要的是，本研究也針對新聞報導呈現的缺失，與媒體記者深談，藉此檢視主跑大陸線的媒體記者發揮預警功能應然面與實然面的差距，更藉此反省現階段媒體預警式報導的不足。研究結果可提供未來預警報導作為借鏡，並藉此提升報導品質。

關鍵字

台商 ； 中國經貿新制 ； 新勞動合同法 ； 中國報導 ； 台商倒閉潮 ； 台商遷徙潮 ； 台灣平面媒體 ； 媒體預警 ； 預警

並列摘要

Some people have described Taiwan businessmen in Mainland China as gold miners because they all have to fight in an unstable environment. In the perilous mine pits, there are canaries as alarm system for gold miners,however who can do the alarm job for the Taiwanese businessmen in China’s competitive market?

In 2008, People’s Republic of China declared a new law of employment contracts. The largest numbers of Taiwan company fraudulent bankrupt ever since happened as well. Nearly ten thousand Taiwan enterprises in China closed. Did Taiwan print media played a preventive warning role for them? If not, does it mean that Taiwan print media having some fundamental problems? The selected media samples for this study are quite often read by Taiwan businessmen. They are China Times, Commercial Times, United Daily News, Economic Times, Business Week and Common Wealth Magazine. The research collected the draft pieces of law to implemetaion stage from January 2005 to June 2008. 434 samples were found. The research used the method of content analysis and qualitative analysis to clarify the preventive warning function of Taiwan's print media. In addition, interviews with six senior reporters on the mainland beat were finished to dig out the process of media preventive warning function.

According to the result of analysis, newspapers and magazines in Taiwan show different characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in the performance of preventive warning system. Overall, the number of coverage relative to PRC in the law of employment contracts is not too much. The newspaper reports came out earlier than others and the magazine reports however were late. Two types of media both report positive coverages after the law of employment contracts complied. To lift crisis, most of the Taiwan newspaper media have negative attitude but the magazines provided impracticable advice instead. This study found that most of the media failed in preventive warning. The most important reason are the restrictions of media, reporters and the whole China system.

This study can help analyze the preventive warning coverage in this time---the feature of magazine and newspaper. Also, it can clarify their media responsibilities during different periods. Most important of all, this essay reveals the shortages of media reports. In the process of interviewing reporters, we can detect the distance between ideal and reality. Hoping that this research can help improve the quality of media reports in the future.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan businessmen in Mainland China ； The law of People Republic of China employment contracts ； fraudulent bankrupt ； media preventive warning function ； preventive warning reporting

參考文獻

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