飼料中添加天然消化酵素對點帶石斑魚稚魚 成長及腸道型態的影響

The effects of dietary with natural digestive enzymes on growth and intestine morphology of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

張庭彰(Ting-Chang Chang)

指導教授 ： 廖文亮

共同指導教授 ： 陳秀男(snchen@.ntu.edu.tw)

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01513

摘要

在畜產商業飼料中，添加消化酵素來增加成長及飼料效率已有相當多的研究，而水產飼料則相對較少。本研究目的為探討使用天然消化酵素添加於點帶石斑(Epinephelus coioides)稚魚飼料中，餵養五周後依據石斑魚的增重率、飼料效率及蛋白質效率(WG、FE、PER)，以及腸道的型態變化來評估出最適的添加量。實驗中設計五組配方，主要蛋白質來源為65%魚粉，分別添加0、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2%的綜合天然消化酵素，另外考慮酵素在製作過程及腸道內消化之穩定度，分為使用明膠、寒天(Gelatin及 Agar)包覆的包覆組(A1~A5)及無包覆組(B1~B5)兩群組共十組實驗，飼料粗蛋白質含量在46.87%~48.44%之間，粗脂質則為9.96%~11.85%。實驗魚隻平均體重4.44±1.093g，每組15尾各三重複，飼養於室外流水式水泥池內箱網(30X30X45 cm)。每天早晚各餵食一次，每次餵至飽食。結果顯示包覆組添加0.1%的A3組有較好的增重率(341%)及較佳的飼料效率(120%)與蛋白質效率(2.53):而未包覆的同樣是添加0.1%的B3組有較佳的增重率(345%)，飼料效率則與添加0.05%、0.15%的B2及B4組三組為最高，依序為115%、119%、116%，蛋白質效率則是B3及B4組的2.46、2.48最高。各組之體組成、存活率及肝體比無顯著差異。而根據腸道切片的結果顯示，添加酵素確實對腸道結構會造成影響，A3、A4及B3在肌肉厚度、絨毛的密度及長度上擁有較佳的吸收優勢。所以根據結果評估，在飼料中添加市售的天然綜合消化酵素不需要另外包覆，且在飼料中添加0.1~0.15%會有較好的成長表現及改善腸道結構的優勢，為最適合的添加量。

關鍵字

點帶石斑 ； 消化酵素 ； 腸道結構

並列摘要

There have been many studies to enhanced the percent weight gain and feed efficiency by added digestive enzymes in the commercial diets of stock raising,but less in aquaculture.The aim of present study was to assess the best amount according to the weight gain、feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio(WG、FE、PER) and observation the intestine morphology of adding natural digestive enzymes in the diets of orange-spotted grouper(Epinephelus coioides) for five weeks.
The experiment design five formuladiets,main protein source is 65% fish meal,adding 0、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2% natural digestive enzymes respectively, consider the stability of enzymes at the process of diets making and digestion in intestine, divided into two group,one is coating by gelatin and agar(A1~A5) another is not(B1~B5).The results showed that fishes fed with the encapsulated experimental diets in A3 group have best weight gain (341%) and feed efficiency (120%)and protein efficiency ratio (2.53). And fishes fed with the unencapsulated experimental diets in B3 have best weight gain(345%). B2,B3,B4 have best feed efficiency(115%、119%、116%). B3, B4 have best protein efficiency ratio(2.46,2.48).There are no significant difference in body composition, survival rate and HIS each group. According to histological sections of the intestines, the results showed that adding digestive enzymes will influence the structure of intestine. A3、A4 and B3 have better advantages of absorb which show thick intestine muscle, long villus. According to the results, diets with natural digestive enzymes have best growth performance and better intestine structure in 0.1~0.15%。

並列關鍵字

orange-spotted grouper ； digestive enzymes ； intestine structure

參考文獻

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