世界衛生組織(World Health Organization,簡稱WHO)指出,高齡化已成為近年來全球共同關注的重要議題。綜觀台灣,由於經濟發展、醫療進步,使國人平均壽命延長,高齡人口增加;但高齡族群罹患慢性病機會較高,且隨著生理自然老化然或慢性病及其所引發的後遺症,易使身體功能衰退、失能,使得高齡族群對於長期照護的需求持續上升。然科技日新月異,遠距照護被視為高齡化社會與長期照護提供替代的解決方案,不僅造就許多開創性的產品及服務模式,也為高齡者的居家照護帶來新的契機。 本研究主要目的在於以顧客的觀點角度切入,探求高齡族群對遠距照護服務項目的需求,在不同特性的高齡族群之間,找出可滿足其需求的關鍵遠距照護服務項目,並藉由Kano品質模式分別探討:(一)高齡族群重視之遠距照護服務項目需求;(二)罹患不同慢性病數之高齡族群對遠距照護服務項目需求的差異;(三)不同失能狀況之高齡族群對遠距照護服務項目需求的差異;以提供政府及相關產業在高齡遠距照護未來發展的方向。 本研究以問卷調查方式於北部某醫學中心高齡整合門診收集資料,並以統計軟體SPSS 19.0進行資料處理,以Kano二維品質歸類法、品質改善指標,應用信度分析、描述性統計及變異數分析法進行資料分析。 研究結果發現,根據Kano品質模式,高齡族群對於遠距照護服務項目確實存在不同於單一線性關係的二維關聯性,藉此了解高齡族群所重視之遠距照護服務項目;並應用品質改善指標,可對需開發的遠距照護服務項目做有效率的安排;對於罹患不同慢性病個數與失能狀況之高齡族群,亦能找出其需求上的差異點,綜上,本研究能夠提供政府及遠距照護領域相關產業未來發展的基礎,使服務更貼近高齡族群之需求,以增加其使用。
According to WHO, aging society has been a worldwide issue in recent years. Followed by economic growth and medical improvement, the average life expectancy in Taiwan also prolong in a long-term trend. However, the growth of elderly population brings up the needs of long term care because of naturally aging, chronic decease, and complication. With technology innovation, telecare has been considered as an alternative for the emergence of aging society and long term care. The main purpose of this study is to find out the needs of telecare for elderly through elderly’s perspective. By applying Kano’s model, the study emphasis on: (1) telecare items that elderly concern most, (2) the variance of the needs of telecare items among elderly who have different chronic decease amount, and (3) the variance of the needs of telecare items between elderly with or without IADLs disability. In this study, data was collected with a structured questionnaire at center of geriatrics and gerontology in a medical center in Taipei and was processed by statistic software SPSS 19.0. Kano’s model, quality improvement index, and ANOVA were the major methods applying on the stage of data analyzing. In results, the needs of telecare for elderly and the telecare items that are recognized important are comfirmed by Kano’s model. Along with quality improvement index, each telecare item could be reconfigured into right position based on the needs of elderly. For different chronic decease amount and IADLs disable status, the study also found the variance within several telecare items. These findings of this study could provide critical suggestions for the future development in telecare field and thus, enhance telecare more suitable for elderly.
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