設計都市的前世今生：
由台北市西區門戶計畫檢視都市設計的多重過程

本研究從2015年台北市政府啟動「西區門戶計畫」的參與式設計為起始，追蹤本案都市設計特定區的推動與落實，試圖掌握「都市設計」其中的內涵與意義。回顧台北車站特定專用區的興迭與整體空間的變遷；該區作為城市首要的交通功能，不僅是市區居民主要的日常通勤，更逐漸在都會化的脈絡中，發展成城際轉運的重要樞紐，甚且在今日更成為國際往來的交通節點。其重要性也反映在每個時期的治理政權，將該區拿來用作思量政治、經濟等空間再生產之重要支點。本文架構方式，以分章展開多重的都市設計論述，由歷史空間的演繹；計畫與設計的專業領域過程；實踐與營造發展的過程；公共性的參與及其空間政治之過程為框架，分層書寫都市設計的多重過程。本文採取質性方法，透過參與觀察民間組織如何論述挑戰西區門戶計畫；以工讀方式參與本案規劃公司；以及具體檢視歷年的設計文件分析其設計策略，回應此案所發生的都市設計發展。回顧歷年研究範圍內所劃定的配置分區，幾經轉折定位也幾經調整；若仔細檢視其規劃內容，每一個空間功能的賦予都可折射出特定時代思潮的特徵，同時也反映出政治的、經濟的、文化上的影響，而非單純只是「使用」、「交通」、「公共空間」等單純的分區管制的設定。文中試圖從中看見，都市設計的構想定位到具體落實，其中的廣泛與複雜。 2015年再次啟動的「台北車站特定計畫區」，與過去發展不同，相較過去重於探討方案構想，新計畫更著重於核定開發分區及工程落實。以往三案皆是為期一年的設計與規劃，而本案合約則長達三年。每次工程或程序進度都是一次階段性成果，都市設計與工程實踐的混合，看見了官方執行的效率，但卻產生分別開發的現象，這使得原來整體的都市設計特定區整體不再是同一的圖像。2015年啟動的都市設計特定區，看起來像是一個滾動中，隨著開發亦步亦趨構成紋理，最終於三年後的2018年設計結案作為都市設計的成果，本論文梳理在此過程中究竟都市設計在此過程中發生了哪些轉變。

關鍵字

西區門戶計畫；台北車站特定專用區；鐵路地下化；公民參與；參與式設計

並列摘要

This research is intended to explore the participatory design of the “Western Gateway Project” launched by the Taipei City Government in 2015. The author attempts to track the particular promotion and implementation of urban design area of this case, and seeks to grasp the changing connotation and significance of “urban design” that this case witnessed over the past decades. A review of the rise and fall of the special dedicated area of Taipei Main Railway Station makes it clear that the whole area, as the city's primary transportation center, is not only the main daily commuting routes for citizens, but also gradually develops into an important hub for intercity transit in the context of urbanization. Today it has even become a traffic node for international travels and exchanges. Its importance is also reflected in the area becoming an important fulcrum for the spatial reproduction of politics, economy activities and interests over time. This research adopts qualitative method, combining participatory observation, archival research, and in-depth interviews with key actors. It also seeks to understand how non-governmental organizations have challenged the Western District Gateway Project by attending most of the public hearing and design/planning workshops organized by the planning authorities. In working as an in-tern at the planning firm in charge of the current project; and by specifically reviewing the design documents over the years to analyze its design strategy in response to the urban design development that occurred in this case. Looking back at the allocation zones defined in the research scope over the years, the positioning has been adjusted several times after several turning points; Nevertheless, if the content of the planning is carefully examined, the assignment of each space function actually reflects the characteristics of the ideological trend of a specific era, while also mirrors the political and economic forces unfolding in that eras, rather than just a mere zoning control setting such as "use", "traffic", and "public space". Indeed, by examining the “Western Gateway Project”, from its conception and design to its eventual implementation, this research attempts to illustrate the extensiveness and complexity of urban design. The "Taipei Main Station Specific Plan Area", which was re-launched in 2015, is different from the past development projects. Compared with the past proposals, the new plan focuses more on approving development zones and project implementation. The three projects preceding this new one were all based on one-year design and planning contracts, while the contract in this case lasted three years. Each project or program progress is a staged result. The mixing of urban design and engineering practice has seen the efficiency of official implementation, but the phenomenon of separate development has occurred. This makes the entire urban design specific area as a whole no longer remains unified. The Western Gateway Project launched in 2015 looks like a rolling process, in which the specific elements and developments were only gradually formed along the way. The design was eventually finalized in 2018. The thesis examines the major changes of urban design and to what degree it has truly incorporated voices from the bottom up during 2015-2018.