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  • 學位論文

自動化對台灣勞動市場的影響

The impact of robots on the labor market in Taiwan

指導教授 : 江淳芳
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摘要


台灣的機器人數量自2004年開始快速成長,至2016年為止數量約成長了4.5倍。本文主要利用國際機器人聯合會的工業機器人資料庫、並結合主計處人力運用調查等資料,建構出產業及地區機器人密度、以及機器人穿透率以衡量機器人使用的變化,並以南韓及德國的平均產業機器人密度、以及平均產業機器人穿透率作為工具變數,估計機器人對台灣勞動市場的影響。結果顯示自動化僅會使男性薪資及就業顯著減少,但對於女性的影響並不顯著。若進一步區分對不同年齡層、教育程度、及工作任務類型的影響效果,可以發現自動化對薪資的負面影響主要集中在年輕人、大學教育程度、以及從事固定例行工作的勞動者身上,並且又以男性的效果較為顯著,而自動化對就業的負面影響則主要集中在中、高年齡以及大學以上的高學歷男性工作者身上,但會使年輕女性的就業增加。

關鍵字

自動化 機器人 勞動市場 薪資 就業 工具變數

並列摘要


The stock of robots in Taiwan has grown rapidly since 2004, which has grown approximately 4.5 times by 2016. Using IFR World Robotics database and the Manpower Utilization Survey, we construct industrial-level and county-level robot density, adjusted penetration of robots (APR), and exposure to robots (exposure) to evaluate robot adoption, and we use the average robot density and penetration in South Korea and Germany as instrumental variables to study the impact of industrial robots on the labor market in Taiwan. The results show that robots only significantly decrease wages and employment for male workers. Furthermore, we find that the negative wage effects of robots are mostly in young age, college education level, and routine jobs, but these effects are only significant for male workers. Besides, robots would negatively affect the employment of middle-aged, elderly, and high-educated men. But on the other hand, robots would increase the employment of young women.

並列關鍵字

automation robots labor market wages employment instrumental variable

參考文獻


Daisuke Adachi (2021). "Robots and Wage Polarization: The Effects of Robot Capital across Occupations". Job Market Paper.
Daisuke Adachi, Daiji Kawaguchi, Yukiko U. Saito (2020). "Robots and Employment: Evidence from Japan, 1978-2017". Discussion papers 20051, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo (2020). “Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets”. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 128, No. 6, pages 2188-2244
David H. Autor and David Dorn (2013). “The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market”. American Economic Review, Vol. 103, Issue 5, pages 1553–1597
Erling Barth, Marianne Roed, Pål Schøne, and Janis Umblijs (2020). “How Robots Change Within-Firm Wage Inequality”. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13605. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3679011

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