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  • 學位論文

西南氣流實驗期間中尺度邊界與對流激發

Mesoscale Boundaries and Storm Initiation During SoWMEX/TiMREX

指導教授 : 周仲島

摘要


中尺度邊界是一種由於局地加熱差異在邊界層內的氣流輻合帶,這種輻合帶通常會加深邊界層濕空氣的厚度,提供較有利條件給對流系統發展。本研究利用2008年西南氣流實驗NCAR S-POL雷達低層仰角回波資料,參考Wilson and Schreiber (1986)之研究方法,從5月15到6月30日利用主觀方法挑選高屏地區中尺度邊界個案,針對中尺度邊界的分布地區、出現時間、移動方向進行整理分類。 在146個中尺度邊界個案中可分類出七種邊界:26條海風鋒面、7條陸風鋒面、24條對流外流邊界、9條山脊弱回波線、50條海上弱回波線、30條未定義之陸地弱回波線。除了陸風鋒面沒有激發出對流,海風鋒面有38%的個案激發對流,其餘的中尺度邊界個案都有超過一半的比例激發出對流。中尺度邊界的生命期約略為2~3小時。另外中尺度邊界的出現種類與日夜分布、海陸分布、西南季風是否盛行有關。在季風盛行期間白天陸地盛行南風時主要為山脊弱回波線、非季風盛行期則以海風鋒面為主,這兩種邊界和實驗期間Tong(2009)所劃分的陸地型顯著降雨個案有密切關係。另外亦對所有海風鋒面是否激發對流的環境情況做探討。合成屏東早上8點探空資料顯示,發現有激發對流之合成探空比沒有激發對流之合成探空其比濕值較高,但溫度上沒有明顯差異。另外分析海風鋒面之對流激發位置,顯示和地形有密切關係。

並列摘要


It has long been known that boundary layer convergence zones are precursors to convective development and organization. These low-level convergence zones often act to locally deepen the moist layer and create conditions favorable for deep convection. (Jorgenson and Weckwerth 2003) Following Wilson and Schreiber (1986), mesoscale boundary cases are selected from NCAR S-Pol radar data of low elevation angle full-PPI scans in the study during SoWMEX/TiMREX. Those mesoscale boundaries are classified according to the location, the time of occurrence the direction of movement. The 146 mesoscale boundaries cases can be classified to 7 types: 26 sea breeze fronts, 7 land breeze fronts, 24 storm outflow boundaries, 9 weak echo lines over hill, 50 weak echo lines over sea(27 remote cases, 23 local cases), and 30 undefined weak echo lines over land. No storm initiation with land breeze fronts are identified, and thirty-eight percent of sea breeze fronts are related to storm initiation. Other types of mesoscale boundaries are highly related to storm initiation. The lifetime of mesoscale boundaries are about 2 to 3 hours. The occurrences of each type of mesoscale boundary are affected by the time (day/night), the location (land/sea), and whether the monsoon is onset or not. When the monsoon is not onset, sea breeze fronts usually occur during the daytime. When the monsoon is onset, gust fronts and weak echo lines over hill are the major mesoscale boundaries during the daytime. In this study, it is found that sea breeze fronts and weak echo lines over hill are closely related to the land type significant continuous rainfall periods (SCRPs) identified by Tong (2009). The storm initiation or not with sea breeze front is also studied using Pingtung composite sounding. It is found that the atmosphere has higher humidity below 550 hpa with storm initiation.

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