個體差異對處理後區正向波之影響—句法、語意、及論旨角色錯誤之探究

Individual Differences in Anomaly- Related Posterior Positivities— Syntactic P600, Late Positive Complex (LPC), and Semantic P600

張乃文(Nai-Wen Chang)

指導教授 ： 李佳霖

國立臺灣大學/文學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202000522

摘要

本研究旨在探討大腦在處理三種類型的語言錯誤時，所引發的晚期正向波。儘管這些晚期正向波皆分佈於大腦後區，且皆出現於刺激材料出現後約500至1000毫秒左右，根據引發情況的不同，分別被命名為「句法P600」（句法錯誤所引發）、「語意P600」（論旨角色錯誤所引發）以及「LPC」（語意錯誤所引發）。然而，上述這些正向波是否由類似的認知機制所產生，目前仍然沒有一致的解釋。考量過去文獻所述，個體差異對於句法P600以及LPC所產生的影響，以及語意P600在各文獻中不一致的腦波呈現，我們致力於透過觀察同一批受試者對於這三種語言相關錯誤情況所引發的腦波來探究這三種正向波。因此，我們記錄並分析了28位慣用右手、擁有右例家族史(FS-)、且以台灣地區中文為母語的年輕人，在閱讀句法、語意或論旨角色錯誤的句子時，所引發的腦波反應。此外，我們也透過問卷及神經心理測驗的方式，收集受試者的閱讀經驗、中文能力、以及認知能力的相關資訊，並進一步分析中文能力及工作記憶對於正向波的影響。在操弄上述三種句型錯誤的情況時，受試者皆引發了我們預期觀察的腦波：句法P600、LPC、和語意P600。然而，我們只發現了語意P600的振幅和受試者的中文能力呈顯著正相關，句法P600及LPC則沒有任何顯著關聯性。我們進一步將在這些正向波之前出現、且個體變異性也大的N400效果的影響納入考量，評估受試者的「主導反應指數(RDI)」，也就是在閱讀各類型錯誤的句子時，引發正向波的傾向。綜觀RDI分析結果，這群FS-的年輕受試者只有在句法錯誤的情況下，仍具有引發晚期正向波句法P600的趨勢。類似的趨勢卻沒有在LPC和語意P600中出現。整體而言，本研究結果指出了語意、論旨角色錯誤在處理時的相似之處，也點出個別差異在研究語言處理時的重要性。然而，這些結論需要更多的數據支持。

關鍵字

個體差異 ； 家族慣用手 ； 事件相關電位 ； 句法P600 ； LPC ； 語意P600 ； 語意錯誤 ； 句法錯誤 ； 論旨角色錯誤

並列摘要

This thesis investigated three types of late positivities that have been observed to linguistic anomalies. With similar posterior distribution and latency at about 600 ms post stimuli-onset, “syntactic P600”, “semantic P600”, and “Late Positive Complex (LPC)” are primarily linked to syntactic anomalies, thematic anomalies, and semantic anomalies respectively. Whether these positivities involve similar underlying mechanisms, however, is still an ongoing debate. In view of great individual variations documented for syntactic P600 and LPC and inconsistent findings for semantic P600 across studies, the present study proposed to delineate the problem space by comparing these positivities in a same group of individuals. To that end, we tested twenty-eight young native Taiwan Mandarin speakers. ERPs to syntactic, semantic, or thematic anomalies were collected; language experience, proficiency, and related cognitive abilities were assessed through neuropsychological tests or questionnaires. Further analyses were conducted on participants’ native language proficiency and working memory capacity to observe whether these factors might influence the elicitation of the positivities. Participants were right-handed and did not have any familial sinistrality background (FS-). Our ERP results successfully replicated the three types of positivities. Reliable correlation was only noted between the magnitude of semantic P600 and language proficiency, while no significant correlation was found for syntactic P600 and LPC. To assess these participants’ general bias to elicit late positivities when accounting for possible and variable N400 responses in each case, we computed each participant’s Response Dominance Index (RDI) for each anomaly type. Larger RDIs index greater bias to elicit positivities over and beyond possible N400 effects. Only syntactic P600s showed an average RDI that was reliably different from 0. These results suggest that while FS- young right-handers as a group have a robust bias to elicit syntactic P600 in response to syntactic anomalies, no reliable tendencies were found for LPC and semantic P600. Together, these results constituted the first dataset of syntactic P600, semantic P600 and LPC with Chinese materials from a same group of FS- individuals that uniquely characterized these positivities from the perspective of individual differences.

並列關鍵字

individual difference ； familial sinistrality ； ERPs ； syntactic P600 ； semantic P600 ； LPC ； semantic anomaly ； syntactic anomaly ； thematic anomaly

參考文獻

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