飼糧中添加DHA與枸杞改善產蛋雞出血性脂肪肝

Dietary supplementations of DHA and Goji improve fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens

范詩宇(Shih-Yu Fan)

指導教授 ： 丁詩同

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/動物科學技術學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.02168

摘要

出血性脂肪肝 (fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome, FLHS)為產蛋禽常見之代謝疾病。由於蛋雞進入產蛋高峰時，肝臟常因進行大量的脂質合成而產生脂肪肝之症狀，而隨著脂肪堆積的增加，造成肝臟發炎及破損而出現肝臟出血的現象，嚴重者會造成產蛋驟降並雞隻死亡，造成農民之經濟損失。本試驗之目的乃希望利用飼糧中添加二十二碳六烯酸 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)與枸杞，改善產蛋雞出血性脂肪肝，並生產機能蛋，增加雞蛋附加價值。
本試驗以DHA藻油 (0, 1%)及枸杞 (0, 2%)進行複因子之試驗，各處理分別為DHA藻油0%和枸杞0% (對照組)、DHA藻油0%和枸杞2%、DHA藻油1%和枸杞0% 以及DHA藻油1%和枸杞2% 之四個處理組。以84隻海蘭品系W-36來航蛋雞(36週齡)，進行24週試驗 (36-60週齡)，試驗期間飲水、飼料任飼。結果顯示，DHA藻油及枸杞處理不影響各處理組生長性狀及產蛋率 (P > 0.05)；各處理組血漿中總膽固醇 (total cholesterol, TC)及三酸甘油酯 (triglyceride, TG)濃度無顯著差異 (P > 0.05)。而在肝臟分析方面，與對照組相較，DHA藻油可改善60週齡蛋雞FLHS出血評分、降低肝臟中TC、TG濃度及脂肪堆積 (P< 0.05)；枸杞可降低60週齡蛋雞肝臟TC含量 (P< 0.05)，而於36及48週齡，各處理間無顯著差異 (P > 0.05)。基因表現分析方面，DHA藻油可降低48-60週齡蛋雞acyl-CoA oxidase (ACC)及fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA表現量 (P < 0.05)，似乎可以解釋DHA減緩脂質合成的原因。而各處理組於促發炎細胞激素tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 與interleukin-6 (IL-6)之mRNA表現量無顯著差異 (P > 0.05)，但於肝臟切片H&E染色上可觀察到有發炎反應的發生。在蛋品分析方面，DHA藻油及枸杞處理之豪氏單位無顯著差異 (P > 0.05)，顯示處理對蛋的品質無負面影響；而在蛋黃色澤上，枸杞可增加蛋黃之紅色 (a值) (P < 0.05)及黃色度 (b值) (P < 0.05)，而亮度 (L值)則稍為下降 (P < 0.05)。DHA則不影響蛋黃色澤 (P > 0.05)，但可增加蛋中DHA含量。
綜上所示，DHA 藻油及枸杞對蛋雞生長性狀及產蛋性狀無負面之影響，而DHA 藻油可降低60週齡產蛋雞肝臟出血、肝臟中脂肪的堆積，並減緩肝臟發炎而改善FLHS。雖然枸杞對於改善FLHS之作用較DHA藻油不顯著，但對DHA藻油改善FLHS之效果亦無負面影響。在蛋品方面，飼糧中添加DHA藻油可增加蛋黃中DHA含量，提升蛋之營養價值，而枸杞可增加蛋黃色澤，提升蛋之經濟價值。因此，DHA藻油及枸杞為安全健康之飼料添加物，可改善產蛋雞FLHS，並生產較高經濟價值之機能蛋。

關鍵字

出血性脂肪肝 ； 產蛋雞 ； DHA ； 枸杞 ； 蛋

並列摘要

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic diease of laying hens. It is characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver due to enhanced lipogenesis, leading to rupture and hemorrhagic lesions with liver of hens during late laying stage. It tends to result in sudden egg production drop and increase mortality in some serious cases and thus causes considerable economic loss by the egg producers. In this study, we aim to improve FLHS by dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Goji in laying hens, and furthermore to produce functional eggs in order to increase the value of eggs as well as.
Eighty-four Hy-line strain W-36 layers (36 week of age) were used in the study with a factorial design of dietary supplementation of Algal DHA oil and Goji (Algal DHA oil 0, 1% × Goji 0, 2%). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum during the trial for 24 weeks (36-60 week of age). Results showed that Algal DHA oil and Goji had no effect on the body weight and egg production (P > 0.05). In all treatments, no significant difference in plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) level were observed (P > 0.05). Compared to the control diet (Algal DHA oil 0%, Goji 0%), Algal DHA oil treatments decreased hemorrhagic score, TC and TG content and fat accumulation in the liver (P < 0.05) at 60 week of age. Goji treatments reduced hepatic TC (P < 0.05) at 60 week of age. However, there were no significant difference in all treatments along age at 36 and 48 week (P > 0.05). Moreover, Algal DHA oil suppressed hepatic transcript level of lipogenic enzymes, including acyl-CoA oxidase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) from 48 to 60 week of age (P < 0.05), consistently with attenuated fat accumulation in the liver. All treatments had no significant effect on the transcript abundance of proinflammatory cytokine genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, yolk color from hens with dietary supplementation of Goji had higher a (red) and b (yellow) values than those from control treatment.
In conclusion, Algal DHA oil and Goji may have the potential to be used as a dietary supplementation to improve FLHS in laying hens, and also increase the economic and nutritional value of the eggs.

並列關鍵字

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome ； Laying hens ； DHA ； Goji ； Eggs

參考文獻

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