建成環境對無樁式共享電動機車閒置時間的影響

Built Environment Effects on Available Duration of Shared Electric Free-floating Moped Scooters

郭晴茜(Qing-Qian Guo)

指導教授 ： 林楨家

國立臺灣大學/理學院/地理環境資源學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101587

摘要

無樁式共享電動機車有益於減緩溫室氣體的排放、降低對都市的噪音污染、減少私人機車的持有數、滿足都市旅運者「第一哩路」和「最後一哩路」的需求，這些益處都有助於永續城市的推動。然而目前研究文獻上相當有限，爲增加對此類運具的認識，本研究使用無樁式共享電動機車營運業者W公司（匿名處理）所提供去識別化後的共享機車全球定位系統點位資料，估計每部機車的閒置時間，運用Cox比例風險模型進行實證分析，探究建成環境對無樁式共享電動機車閒置時間的影響。考量到路網分佈對都市旅運者步行取車的影響，本研究採用ArcMap的服務範圍功能套曡路網分佈估計建成環境範圍，並且探討建成環境對無樁式共享機車被借可能性的影響在不同時段（工作日尖峰、離峰或週末）及不同空間範圍（200公尺、500公尺或800公尺）的差異性。
由於本研究是以無樁式共享機車閒置時的服務範圍量測建成環境，所以3Ds的建成環境分類方式更適合本研究，但實質上仍然包含了5Ds建成環境所考量到的因素，本研究將至大衆運輸距離調整爲計算服務範圍内的各類公共運輸密度與多樣性，將迄點可及性轉換爲計算服務範圍内可能作爲起迄點的場所密度，除此之外，本研究的建成環境多樣性不僅僅只考量土地利用的多樣性，也考量建成環境中公共運輸多樣性對無樁式共享電動機車閒置時間的影響。實證分析有三個主要成果：第一，建成環境會從密度、多樣性和設計三個方面影響無樁式共享電動機車被借走的可能性；第二，不同的時段或不同的建成環境計算尺度會造成建成環境對無樁式共享電動機車閒置時間的影響會有差異；第三，在工作日時段，都市公共運輸系統與無樁式共享電動機車為互補關係。上述成果有助於共享運具學理知識的建置，也有益共享機車業者經營管理策略的發展。

關鍵字

無樁式共享機車 ； 閒置時間 ； 存活分析 ； 建成環境

並列摘要

Recently, electric free-floating moped scooter-sharing (EFMS) services became popular in metropolitan areas worldwide. This form of vehicle sharing advocates people to rent shared scooters than to own private scooters and can improve the use efficiency of vehicles and decrease needs of parking space. Moreover, electric vehicles could reduce air pollution and free-floating mode could satisfy travelers’ demands in first mile and last mile. These benefits make EFMS playing an essential role in sustainable development, while the existing literature provides very limited information about EFMS. To fill the research gap, this study aimed to explore the associations of built environment with available duration of a shared electric scooter. The study data was from the global positioning system records of an anonymous EFMS operator in Taipei metropolitan area. By applying spatial data analysis and survival analysis methods, the determinants of available duration of a shared scooter were clarified. Considering transportation network effects on travelers’ behaviors, this research applied the service area function in ArcMap to measure built environments for each shared scooter. What’s more, this research also aimed to figure out whether built environment effects on available duration of a shared scooter varied with different periods (peek hours on weekdays, off peek hours on weekdays, and weekend) and different service areas (200m, 500m or 800m).
Since the built environment measures of this study were determined by service areas of shared scooters, it is more suitable for this research to take 3Ds attributes for analyses, nevertheless the 3Ds attributes re-organized by this research containing another two factors in 5Ds attributes. The attributes of distance to transit were adjusted to the attributes of density and diversity of public transportation stations in each shared scooter’s service area. Destination accessibility features were displaced with densities of points of interesting nearby origins and destinations. The empirical results reveal that built environment attributes were significantly related to available duration of a shared scooter. The relations between built environment attributes and available duration of a shared electric scooter were different among different spatial or temporal conditions. Higher density and diversity of public transportation stations were associated with smaller available duration of a shared electric scooter. The empirical results not only benefit academic knowledge of EFMS but also provide EFMS operators with valuable information to develop shared scooter relocation plans to improve operational efficiency of EFMS.

並列關鍵字

free-floating moped scooter-sharing ； available duration ； survival analysis ； built environment

參考文獻

參考文獻

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