追溯瘞花源：才子佳人文類與明清思想史

本論文探索所謂的「才子佳人」文類與宋明理學思想家朱熹與王陽明之間的互文關係，即是他們怎麼看待「知人」的問題。先從疏理朱熹與王陽明的本體論與人性論怎麼形成兩個不同「知人」方法，本論文接著探索明末擬話本小說集《醒世恆言》裡面的「知人」議題。尤其在《醒世恆言》的才子佳人類故事中，互相體貼的關照成為才子與佳人的目標，而與更早的才子佳人故事相比，凸顯出一個新的愛情故事價值觀。最後，本論文做出《紅樓夢》的新解讀。《紅樓夢》表面上對才子佳人文類做出很激烈的批評，不過更深層的批評是對於那些無法理解對象的才子。筆者認為《紅樓夢》最終對才子佳人文類的反思與重塑在於賈寶玉與林黛玉的「體貼」，他們超越平凡的人間愛情而試圖體會各種對象的情思。在明清的思想與才子佳人小說中，能看出一種新的「知人」方式，即是「體貼」，也是調和私與公，情與理的新辦法。

關鍵字

知人；體貼；才子佳人；紅樓夢

並列摘要

This thesis covers the intertextual connections between the genre of plays and novels known as “Scholar-Beauty” tales and the different ways of “knowing others” as laid out in the thought of the philosophers Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming. After comparing the ontologies and theories of human nature that undergirded these two philosophers’ different ways of “knowing others”, this paper explores the theme of “knowing others” in the Ming vernacular story collection, Stories to Awaken the World. In romantic stories from the collection, we see that “knowing others” based on mutual consideration becomes the primary concern of the characters, showing a change in values when compared against the older “scholar beauty” stories. Finally, this paper does a new reading of the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber. Although Dream is superficially critical of the “scholar-beauty” genre in many ways, the deeper critique it makes is towards “scholar” types that are unable to understand the objects of their affection. I propose that Dream’s ultimate response to and reinvention of the “scholar-beauty” type story can be found in the language of considerateness (titie), where characters transcend the moral dilemmas of human affections and seek to understand the objects of their desire through direct, bodily experiences. Both in philosophy and the scholar-beauty genre of the Ming and Qing eras, these developments reflect a new way of knowing others, personal realization, which seeks to reconcile conflicts between the personal and the universal, sentiment and rationality.

並列關鍵字

Knowing others ； Considerateness ； Scholar Beauty ； Dream of the Red Chamber

參考文獻

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追溯瘞花源：才子佳人文類與明清思想史

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