陸生作為一種策略─ 臺灣私校高教全球化的困境與轉型的政治經濟學分析

Recruiting Chinese students as a Transformation Strategy: Political Economy Analysis of Globalization of Taiwan Higher Education Institutions

于閔如(Min-Ju, Yu)

指導教授 ： 簡旭伸

共同指導教授 ： 周嘉辰(Chia-Chen Chou)

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201603836

摘要

臺灣高等教育體制已進入新一輪階段，廣大的陸生市場是高教全球化不可或缺的一部分。為此，國家在全球化與兩岸關係影響下制定陸生政策，國家調和社會多元價值進而形塑政策框架；政策的產出透過國家偏好體現，並統合社會分歧性偏好，在「遠端調控」模式下的大學，只得透過生存競爭，競逐陸生。高等教育的三股影響力「國家─學術權威─市場」是研究高等教育體制的基礎，但三角協調模式已無法跟上全球化的劇烈變遷，也無法探討三者內部的動態關係。本文透過協調模式的再調整，輔以政策問題潮流來檢視國家─大學的內部動態角色，本文針對臺灣當前大學類型以六種動態關係模式中的政府作為仲裁者，說明陸生政策國家─大學間的互動關係，並加入「國家─大學─市場」的三角模式下之全球化因素作為理論作為論證，進一步探討不同類型私校面對陸生角度之生存策略。

私校治理策略差異呈現出不同的大學類型，類型差異在於本身大學排名與財務穩健度，影響辦學狀況與發展特色，使得不同類型私立大學皆於兩岸高教交流上著墨甚深，但招收策略卻不盡相同。當陸生政策做為大學國際化之政策手段之一，有許多不同的政策工具以達成政策目標，從其「碩士學位生」、「學士學位生」、「訪問交換生」、「自費研修生」等不同陸生赴臺形式延伸出招生策略差異，可以從中分析體現陸生政策對於大學治理策略之生存競逐，而大學與國家之間的互動關係與治理模式，造就當前臺灣高等教育體制現況癥結，並回到當前高等教育本身的結構問題與發展未來對於政策發展提出建議與期許。

關鍵字

高教全球化 ； 協調三角模式 ； 兩岸關係 ； 陸生政策 ； 私校治理策略

並列摘要

Higher education system in Taiwan has enter a new stage. The Chinese students market is an indispensable part of higher education globalization. Thus, the government formulates Chinese student policy under the influences of globalization and cross-strait relations, balancing multicultural society value, then shaping the policy frameworks. Policies are presented by preferences of the country, and with integration of differences of society preferences, universities with “steering at the distance mode” need to struggle and compete for Chinese students. The three influences on higher education, “country, academic authorities, and market,” are the foundation of researching higher education system. However, the triangle of coordinated mode of higher education can no longer keep up with the massive changes of globalization nor inquire into the internal dynamic relationship among the three. The internal dynamic role of country and university is examined via readjusting the coordinated mode and problem stream. This article focuses on the government acting as the arbiter for the six types of dynamic relationships of universities in Taiwan, elaborating the interaction between country and universities under the Chinese student policy, adding the globalization factors under “country, university, and market” the triangle of coordinated mode as a theory to further explore the survival strategy where different types of private universities facing Chinese students.

Private University governance disparity presents different types of universities, and the differences lies in the ranking and financial soundness of the university, which influence school running status and feature development. As a result, different types of private universities deeply involve in cross-strait higher education exchanges and have different enrollment strategies. When Chinese student policy is one of the means, there are many different policy instruments to achieve university internationalization. Different ways of Chinese students coming to Taiwan, like “Master degree students,” “Bachelor degree students,” “Exchange students,” and “Visiting Students,” create the differences in enrollment strategies. Among them, the struggling of existence of Chinese student policy for university governance strategy can be analyzed and embodied. The interaction and governance model between universities and the country create the crux of current higher education system in Taiwan. It is necessary to reexamine the structural issues of current higher education itself and to raise suggestions and expectation for future policy development.

並列關鍵字

Globalization of higher education ； The triangle of coordination ； Cross-strait relations ； Policy of students from Mainland China ； Private University Governence

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