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  • 學位論文

農業人力資源平台模式之效益分析 〜以桃園農機工班為例

Analysis on the Model Benefits of Agricultural Human Resources Platform-Taking Taoyuan Agricultural Machinery Class as an Example

指導教授 : 張宏浩
共同指導教授 : 簡文政(Wen-Jhan Jane)
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摘要


我國農業人力老化與青壯世代不願意留在農業,逐漸形成了斷層,造成了產業結構性缺工的問題。本研究以行政院農業委員會農業人力發展辦公室所建置之農業人力資源平台,桃園農機工班派遣農務士,自2018年8月13日至2019年10月31日總計1129筆資料,為分析範圍。採用樣本中,從性別、年齡、教育程度、出勤耕作縣市、農場類別、工作類別以及是否自有農地進行關聯性分析,並採用迴歸分析,進行研究,探討農機工班解決缺工的效益,提出對於農業勞動力供給,減省勞動需求之建議,期望提供給桃青農生產合作社,對於日後勞動力供給、工作安排之參考。 依實證結果,在耕地縣市、實際工作天數、性別與年齡的需工比較上有顯著差異,薪資條件相同下,農務士希望就近上工。女姓農務士的穩定度較男性農務士佳。工作類型中大部分的工作需求,大部分在7天內可完成。各農產業與工作類型的關聯性分析,顯示有顯著的關聯性,各產業最缺工的項目,也可反映出農場主在需求人力與機具時,需要優先支援的工作項目,如能適度的投入人力與機具,對於解決缺工是有相當的幫助。透過迴歸分析發現,農業機械及人力皆為限制的資源下,機械化程度較高,農場的媒合成功機率較高,而派工率不受月份影響,每個月皆能穩定派工,但實際工作時數,會因季節需求而影響, 改善農業經營環境有其限制,開發自動化、省力機械,操作輔具以取代人力,減省人力需求,最終才能有效舒緩缺工。傳統的農務工作多由農場主一人獨力完成,對於資金與勞動力的投入太大,獲利太少,經濟規模不易達到,可以考慮由鄰近地區組織策略聯盟,經整合較易達到經濟規模,人力與農機具採共享模式,可大幅降低成本的投入,提高利潤所得。

並列摘要


A structural problem of labor shortage has emerged in Taiwan due to rural aging and young generation’s reluctance to stay in agriculture industry. This study employs Agriculture Human Resource Platform established by Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, to delegate agriculture machinery operators of Taoyuan Young Farmers’ Cooperation. 1,129 samples from 13, August, 2018 to 31, October 2019, were collected for further analysis. The cross examination of gender, age, education background, dispatch location, farm types and job categories, farmland owning status were conducted and used for regression analysis. The results can be helpful to improve agriculture machinery operators’ efficiency and as future reference for Taoyuan Young Farmers’ Cooperation in terms of labor providing and scheduling. The results show significant difference between dispatch location, working days, gender and age. Under the same salary, operators prefer proximity to work. Female operators are more stable than male operators when it comes to fluidity. Among all job categories, most of the jobs requires 7 working days to finish. Contingency analysis suggest that difference industries and jobs are significantly related, and the most needed work can provide information on what kind of work needs manpower and agriculture machinery, which is helpful for ameliorate labor shortage problem. Regression model shows that under limited resources such as machines and manpower, more mechanized work has higher matching rate, in addition, matching rate is not affected by seasons or months, which means matching rate is stable every month. However, seasons affect the real required hours for different jobs. Improving working environment has its limits, automatic, labor saving and assisting gears are the ultimate solutions for labor shortage problem. Small farmers are the majorities in Taiwan, which means farm owners do most of the jobs singled-handedly. Low input of capital and labor results in low economic scale. Building a shared manpower and agriculture machinery system and strategic alliance may increase margin of income and lower the cost.

參考文獻


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