營業秘密侵害之研究——以舉證責任和事證開示為中心

營業秘密作為智慧財產之一環，攸關企業與地區發展之競爭力，在現今優化營商環境與貿易爭端頻發之大背景下，其重要性日趨上昇。因資訊存儲方式之變革與企業員工流動頻繁，營業秘密侵害案件亦是頻繁發生。然智慧財產因其「無體性」之特徵，致其權利存在與內容均需依附有體物，這也導致其案件審理高度依賴證據。營業秘密案件亦是如此，面對證據偏在、舉證困難的問題，中國大陸過去多以舉證責任緩和制度加以緩解。然單純依靠舉證責任之緩和，似乎並不能真正化解困境，須進一步擴大當事人蒐集事證之能力，充分保障兩造當事人之武器平等，以求發現真實與促進訴訟。同時，營業秘密案件亦有其獨特之審理思路與重點，包括如何確定秘密點、如何解決技術事實查明困難、如何妥適處理事證開示與秘密保護之衝突等。本文立足於中國大陸營業秘密案件之學說與實務現況，佐以美國法與台灣法之比較借鑑，以呈現傳統英美法下之事證開示樣貌，並思考大陸法系地區如何將事證開示制度加以本土化改造。最後回歸到中國大陸本身，針對諸多智審新制加以解讀，並進一步就目前營業秘密侵害案件所面臨的困境提出若干建議。

關鍵字

營業秘密侵害；舉證責任；事證開示；證據保全；文書提出；秘密保護

並列摘要

Trade secrets become increasingly significant because of the background of optimizing business environment and trade disputes escalation. Due to the changes of information storage medium and the staff turnover, trade secret litigations occur frequently. However, the “intangible” characteristic determines that intellectual property must be dependent on physical objects, which also leads to a high degree of reliance on evidence in the trial. Trade secret litigation is facing the same dilemma. The mainland of China used to alleviate the burden of proof to solve the problem that relevant evidences are mostly archived in the adversary. Apart from this, it is necessary to further expand the party's ability to collect evidence to fully guarantee the equality of the arms in the civil procedure, which is also beneficial for discovering the truth and expediting the proceeding. Trade secret litigation also has its own unique mode of trial and dilemmas, including how to limit the secret point, how to solve the difficulty of technical fact finding, etc. This thesis focuses on the theory and practice of trade secret litigation in mainland of China, and introduces the related development in American and Taiwan region. Finally, this thesis will interpret the intellectual property case adjudication regulations, and put forward some suggestions on the practical difficulties of the current trade secret litigation.