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  • 學位論文

從一帶一路倡議下法國與匈牙利對中國的外交政策與關係檢視並比較功能與關係的理論觀點

An Examination of Relational and Functional Perspectives through France and Hungary’s China Policy and Their Relations under the OBOR Initiative

指導教授 : 蘇宏達
共同指導教授 : 蘇卓馨(Cho-Shin Su)
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摘要


在中國快速崛起的背景之下,一部分國際關係研究的熱點轉向新興強權如何在既有的國際政治經濟秩序中與其他行為者互動及爭鋒。挾著龐大經濟優勢的中國,在意識形態、政治體制,規範價值等方面皆與主宰國際政治已久的大西洋歐美秩序有著二元對立的觀點,而這種矛盾也體現在歐洲國家與中國間的互動,亦即各國價值–利益間的衡平導致了與中國不同的關係。作為一個志於散布普世價值的規範性強權,歐盟與中國的互動呈現又競爭又合作的奇特態勢,考慮到個別成員國對中國的態度,更使得歐中關係撲朔迷離。不同於過往西方實證主義學派研究途徑,本文融入了中國國際關係理論中關係學派的觀點,透過比較2010年至2019年法國與匈牙利對中國的外交政策,並以一帶一路倡議為主要研究框架,發現同為歐盟成員國的兩國呈現鮮明的對比,使得他們各自對此倡議有不同的具體合作成果和回應。法國對中國的外交政策與關係為功能取向,注重利益的實質回報,偏好特定政策工具與合作途徑,在面對一帶一路倡議時持權力平衡的觀點,強調敵我之間權力的對比,使得雙邊關係限縮在特定領域,難脫懷疑與追求國家安全的因襲思想;相對地,匈牙利對中國的外交政策與關係為關係取向,強調彈性與平衡,在沒有預設偏好的工具下,積極透過頻繁的雙邊互動的過程中培養即興共同性,並倚靠主動與被動的自我克制表達友好,增進互信,同時極力維護彼此的核心利益,使得雙邊關係不局限於特定領域,擺脫各種物質或權力束縛,全方面擴散,成就真正的夥伴關係。匈牙利與中國建立的即興關係也與歐盟成員國間的先前關係部分互相牴觸,如南海問題,造成歐盟內部對中國態度分歧,難以產出一個統一的對中政策。

關鍵字

法國 匈牙利 中國 外交政策 一帶一路 功能 關係

並列摘要


As China rapidly surge into international politics, a part of IR studies reoriented to explain how these emerging powers interact and compete with their adversaries. Economically advantageous, China possessed a sharp contradiction with its occidental counterparts who have been dominating IR since the concert of Vienna in areas like ideologies, political institutions and normative values. These opposing points of view are also shown in the dialogues between European countries and China while the balancing between value and interest brought about different relations vis-a-vis of China. Maybe more intriguingly, the Sino-EU relations become even more obscure if the two levels of attitude, the EU and the member states, were been put into consider jointly. Using a melange of western empirical approach and the relational theory of Chinese IR School, this article aims at comparing the Chinese foreign policies of France and Hungary between 2010 to 2019, focusing mainly on the One Belt One Road initiative. The results reveal a distinct difference between the two cases. French foreign policies towards China are functional-oriented, featuring concrete interests and preference on policy tools and cooperation approaches. While emphasizing a BOP perspective on OBOR, the Franco-Sino relation is confined in certain areas, making it difficult to think out of the realism conditions. In contrast, Hungary's Chinese foreign policies are relational-oriented, focusing on elasticity and balance. Without holding neither prior stance nor prejudgment, Hungary improvised certain imagined resemblance through frequent interactions with China by showing active and passive self-restraint to build up confidence and to safeguard China's core national interests. Thus, the Hungarian-Sino relation is not incarcerated in limited issues but transcends numerous fields and breaks away from power and material constraints, ultimately achieving an authentic comprehensive partnership. Lastly, the improvised relations cultivated by Hungary and China might partly hinder the prior relations already existed and shared by EU member states, causing an inevitably division in EU vis-à-vis of China on topics like disputes around South China Sea.

並列關鍵字

France Hungary China Foreign Policy One Belt One Road Functional Relational

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