應用擴增實境於建築物之設施維護管理之研究

Augmented Reality Application for Building Facility Maintenance Management

王薇珊(Wei-San Ong)

指導教授 ： 范素玲

淡江大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士班/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2021.00061

摘要

運營和維護(Operation and Maintenance, O&M)階段是設施生命週期中最長的階段，在此期間，設施維護管理 (Facility Maintenance Management, FMM)人員開展活動以提供舒適的生活和工作環境，並維護設備以防止功能故障。依據研究統計，FMM成本的三分之二是耗損於低效率。因此，如何提高FMM的效率已成為建築、工程、施工和運營 (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations, AECO) 行業的一個熱門和重要研究課題。
傳統方法中FMM人員攜帶施工圖紙到現場，並需要花費大量精力去尋找正確的圖紙以獲得所需的信息。因此，許多電腦化系統已經被開發出來，以提高FMM人員活動的效率。
近年來，新興的擴增實境 (augmented reality, AR)通過將虛擬信息與實體世界相結合，在促進FMM活動方面展現潛力，率續有研究應用AR於FMM，提高FMM的效率。然而這些研究有其優點，卻也有以下局限性: (1) 在現場維護過程中，FMM人員有時需要向辦公室的另一位管理人員口頭描述現場情況，或訪問存儲設施信息的地點。管理人員之間的遠程溝通和與信息存儲地點的距離往往會阻礙有效的溝通或信息檢索，或者兩者都有。在大型數據庫中尋找與某一特定設施管理問題相關的信息也是一種挑戰。 (2) 儘管一些研究提供了設備系統或設備部件的維護時間表，但維護工作單的時間表不夠具體，無法決定哪個具體部件應比其他部件更優先考慮。
本研究在將Revit模型導入Unity軟件的同時，將設備製造等非幾何數據導入Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (Ms-SQL) 數據庫，並提出了一個Unity AR應用程序，供住戶向FMM人員發送請求，以及FMM人員管理他們的請求並儘快解決請求：(1) 允許FMM人員立即搜索故障設備的信息，(2) 進行初步檢查並確定故障設施的位置，並提供故障設施的元素/設備信息。(3)允許FMM人員設定維修順序的優先級（報告時間、嚴重程度等）。

關鍵字

擴增實境 ； 設施維護管理

並列摘要

A facility's operation and maintenance (O&M) phase is the longest phase when facility maintenance management (FMM) staff perform activities to ensure a comfortable living and working environment and to maintain equipment to prevent functional breakdowns. There is a loss of two-thirds of the FMM cost due to inefficiencies. So, the issue of improving FMM efficiency has become a popular and important area of research in the sector of architecture, engineering, construction and operations (AECO).
In traditional methods, FMM staff are required to bring construction drawings to the site and locate the right drawings to locate the necessary information. For this reason, many computerized systems have been developed to make FMM activities more efficient.
In recent years, the emerging augmented reality (AR) has shown great potential in facilitating FMM activities by combining virtual information with the physical world. Many AR studies in maintenance show promising results in enhancing human performance in carrying out technical maintenance tasks, improving the administration of maintenance operations and supporting maintenance managerial decision making.
Despite their strengths, these studies have some limitations. (1) During on-site maintenance, FMM staff may need to describe the conditions on the site verbally to another manager in an office or to visit a location where facility records are kept. As a result of remote communication between managers and distance to the information storage location, effective communication or information retrieval may be hindered. It is also difficult to find the information relevant to a particular facility management issue in a large database. (2) Although numerous studies have provided maintenance schedules for equipment systems or pieces of equipment, the work order schedules are not specific enough for deciding which specific component should be considered with higher priority than others.
This research importing the non-geometric data for example the manufacture of equipment into the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio (Ms-SQL) database while importing the Revit models into Unity software and proposes a unity AR application for occupants to send requests to FMM staff as well as the FMM staff to manage their requests and solve the request as fast as possible by (1) allowing the FMM staff to search the information of faulty equipment immediately, (2) performing initial checks and identifying the location of the faulty facility and providing the information of the element/equipment of the faulty facility. (3) allowing the FMM staff to set the priority of the working order sequence (request time, severity, etc.)

並列關鍵字

Augmented Reality ； Facility Maintenance Management

參考文獻

1. Amos, D., Albert Chan, P. C., Yang, Y., Mershack O, T. (2020). Building information modeling (BIM)-based modular integrated construction risk management – Critical survey and future needs. Computers in Industry, 123, 103327.

2. Asen, Y., Motamedi, A., Hammad, A., (2014). BIM-based visual analytics approach for facility management, Proc. of the 14th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE). Moscow. Russia, 2012.

3. Baek, F., Ha, I. H., Kim, H. K. (2019). Augmented reality system for facility management using image-based indoor localization. Automation in Construction, 99, 18-26.

4. Cao, Y., Wang, T., & Song, X. (2015). An energy-aware, agent-based maintenance-scheduling framework to improve occupant satisfaction. Automation in Construction, 60, 49-57.

5. Chen, K., Yang, J., Cheng, J. C., Chen, W., & Li, C. T. (2020). Transfer learning enhanced AR spatial registration for facility maintenance management. Automation in Construction, 113, 103135.