因應「伊斯蘭國」威脅美國反恐戰略研究

「伊斯蘭國」自2014年，趁著敘利亞內戰及美軍至伊拉克撤軍所產生之權力空隙而崛起、壯大，並且發動多起震驚全球的恐怖攻擊事件，嚴重威脅國際安全，身為世界強權及自詡為世界警察的美國，亦是911恐怖攻擊事件後的反恐行動領導者，其如何因應「伊斯蘭國」的威脅，將影響區域及全球政治。為探討美國因應「伊斯蘭國」威脅之戰略及政策，本文恐怖主義的發展演變，到「伊斯蘭國」的崛起背景及恐怖攻擊手段、以及美國在中東地區之利益等探究美國歐巴馬及川普政府因應「伊斯蘭國」戰略及政策。本文發現美國在歐巴馬政府時代為了避免再次陷入戰爭的泥沼，僅以空襲作為打擊「伊斯蘭國」之主要手段，加上自中東撤軍一直以來都是歐巴馬最得意的政績及政策，使得其始終不願派遣地面部隊加入攻擊「伊斯蘭國」，雖然空襲使「伊斯蘭國」控制範圍縮小，但因為缺乏地面部隊有效的打擊，加上反恐聯盟各有各的打算，使得「伊斯蘭國」恐怖思想得以持續蔓延。而川普政府在上任後，就積極的與各國聯合實施打擊「伊斯蘭國」，其中也包括了俄羅斯，更派出地面部隊與伊拉克政府軍、庫德族武裝共同對抗「伊斯蘭國」，終於2017年底將「伊斯蘭國」最後所佔領的城市―拉卡給收復。雖然「伊斯蘭國」失去了實際的土地，但是其恐怖思想並不會因此而完全消滅，我國必須以此為藉，防範恐怖攻擊發生。

關鍵字

「伊斯蘭國」；恐怖組織；美國反恐政策；歐巴馬反恐；川普反恐

並列摘要

Since 2014, the Islamic State has risen and expanded in the wake of the power gap between the Syrian civil war and the withdrawal of troops from the US military to Iraq. It has also launched many terrorist attacks that have shocked the world, seriously threatening international security, and as a world power and self-proclaimed The United States of the World Police is also the leader of the anti-terrorist operation after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. How it will affect regional and global politics in response to the threat of the "Islamic State." In order to explore the strategy and policy of the United States in response to the threat of the "Islamic State", the development of terrorism in this article, the background of the rise of the "Islamic State" and the means of terrorist attacks, as well as the interests of the United States in the Middle East, explore the United States Obama and Trump administration In response to the "Islamic State" strategy and policy. This article finds that in the era of the Obama administration, the United States only used air strikes as the main means of combating the "Islamic State" in the era of the Obama administration. In addition, the withdrawal of troops from the Middle East has always been the most proud political achievements and policies of Obama. It has always been reluctant to send ground troops to attack the "Islamic State". Although the air strikes have narrowed the control of the "Islamic State", the lack of ground troops has effectively dealt with it, and the anti-terrorist coalition has its own plans to make the "Islamic State" horrible. Thoughts continue to spread. After taking office, the Trump administration actively cooperated with other countries to crack down on the "Islamic State", including Russia, and sent ground troops to fight against the "Islamic State" with Iraqi government forces and Kurdish armed forces. Recapture the city that was finally occupied by the "Islamic State" - Laka. Although the "Islamic State" has lost its actual land, its horror will not be completely eliminated. China must use this as a proxy to prevent terrorist attacks.