多層次治理理論在歐盟數位政策的落實-以芬蘭為例

歐洲整合加深了歐洲國家在人口和經濟上的團結與合作，在整合的過程中，各會員國之間開始有政治的合作，這也讓會員國將許多權限移轉到歐盟層級。隨著資訊時代的來臨，數位轉型正快速地改變傳統的經營與消費等模式，面對新科技時代的來臨，歐盟看見了市場的商機，除了重新思考下一步的策略，也紛紛升級硬體設備以維持優勢，而各會員國政府也開始制定新的數位轉型計畫與應對政策。受限於地形和氣候的北歐小國芬蘭，連續三年蟬聯歐盟數位經濟暨社會指數前三名，芬蘭擁有完善的創新科技和評估制度系統，正因為這套健全的評估系統，讓芬蘭成功轉型為高科技的新創產業國度，更享有「歐洲新矽谷」的美譽。但當前的芬蘭遭遇到人口老化、通訊技術領先優勢流失以及產業外移等困境，歐盟的數位政策方興未艾，執委會主席所推出的新一代數位政策，希望能夠帶動會員國在數位領域的新境界。本文皆在探討在多層次治理模式下，歐盟與其會員國芬蘭的數位政策發展。數位轉型發展仍是一個現在進行式，就多方面來說也是一場長時間的競賽。而藉由數位發展議題可以總結出，數位領域之立法主權仍屬於會員國，芬蘭在數位領域的政策制定是超前歐盟的腳步。而歐盟與芬蘭近年來的合作，主要也都在數位轉型和科技創新的議題上，芬蘭也相當積極參與歐盟超國家科技類別的合作計畫。然而現階段的芬蘭將致力於發展資通訊與健康、銀髮族醫療照顧等產業，能否善用歐盟所提供的數位資源，帶動產業未來在經濟發展的成長，值得持續關注。

關鍵字

多層次治理；歐盟數位政策；芬蘭數位政策

並列摘要

European integration has deepened into the unity and cooperation on population and economic among European countries. During the process of integration, member states began to have political cooperation with each other. This has made them to transfer their authorities on many fields to the EU level. Facing the information explosion and the new technological era nowadays, digital transformation is rapidly changing the modes of tra-ditional business and consumption. Thus, the European Union has seen business oppor-tunities in the market. Besides reconsidering the next step, it has also upgraded the hardware in succession. In order to maintain their advantages, the governments of various member states have also begun to formulate new digital transformation plans to respond to policies. Taking Finland as an example, this small Nordic country has been ranked among the top three in the EU's Digital Economic and Social Index for three consecutive years even it’s under severe terrain and climate circumstances. Finland has a sound innovative technology and evaluation system. It is precisely because of this system that makes Fin-land successfully transformed into tech-industry-based innovative country and also has the reputation of "Europe's New Silicon Valley". However, Finland is currently experiencing difficulties such as an aging population, the loss of its leading-edge in communications technology, and the relocation of industries. The EU's digital policy is in the ascendant, the new generation of digital policies introduced by the President of the European Com-mission hopes to bring member states to a new level in the digital field. This article discusses the digital policy development of the EU and one of its member states, Finland, on a multi-level governance model. The development of digital trans-formation is still an ongoing process and a long-term competition. From the topic of digital development, it can be concluded that the legislative sovereignty in the digital field still belongs to the member states, and Finland’s policy-making in the digital field is a step ahead of the European Union. The cooperation between the EU and Finland in recent years has mainly been on the topics of digital transformation and technological innovation. Finland has also actively participated in EU’s supranational technological cooperation projects. At this stage, Finland is committed to the development of industries such as ICT and health-medical care for the elderly. Whether it can take advantage of the digital resources provided by the EU to drive a progressive economic growth will be a continued noteworthy issue in the near future.