從日本民族性的觀點探討日本人的言談特色
─以日劇為題材的案例分析─

本論文以日劇為分析材料，探討日本民族性與其言談特色的關聯。將日本人的言語表現分為「請求表現」「拒絕表現」「語句省略表現」「維持人際關係表現」這四類，並且分析了各種表現與「同質性」「階級制度」「集團主義」「和諧」這四項日本民族性之間的關聯。日文是相當曖昧的語言，這種看法恐怕早已深植人心，然而實際上日文的文法及單字本身並不曖昧，令人難以理解的是日本人所使用的言談表現。從探討結果得知，從日本的民族性當中產生了許多日本人的談話特色，如由同質性與集團主義所發展出省略表現及察覺的手法、及因為重視和協與集團主義所以愛用間接表現等等，日本人的價值觀及個性反映在日文的言談表現上。日文學習者不能僅僅只追求文法上的正確，理解文化上的談話習慣這件事也非常重要。希望藉由本論文能讓日文學習者更加了解日本文化及日本人的談話特色，並期待之後日文的使用能夠更加接近日本人。

關鍵字

日本民族性；請求表現；拒絕表現；語句省略表現；維持人際關係表現

並列摘要

This article takes Japanese TV series as the material of analysis to discuss the connection between Japanese national character and speech features. And it divides Japanese language behaviors into four parts as follows: request expression, rejection expression, ellipsis of sentence meaning expression, and interpersonal relationship maintenance expression. And it analyses the relevance amid the above four behaviors and the four Japanese characters below: homogeneity, caste system, groupism, and harmony. Japanese is a quiet delphic language, and this viewpoint has probably struck into the hearts already. However, Japanese grammar and words are not delphic themselves in fact. It’s the way Japanese uses make it incomprehensible. The result shows that Japanese national character causes various Japanese speech features such as the ellipsis of sentence composing integrity expression and awareness which are developed via homogeneity and groupism, the favor to use indirect expression due to high regard of harmony and groupism, and so forth. Japanese values and personalities reflect on speech features of its mother tongue. Japanese learners can’t just pursue the grammar accuracy. The apprehension of cultural habits of conversation is quiet important as well. The author hopes to make Japanese learners understand more about Japanese culture and speech features by this article and anticipates that the way they use in Japanese would be much close to Japanese.