俄羅斯對美國外交政策之研究－以俄美在印太地區的競逐為例(2000-2020)

冷戰結束後，美國成為世界超級強國，而俄羅斯取代前蘇聯的地位，持續與美國在世界上抗衡。普丁2000年首次擔任俄羅斯總統後，以「維護俄羅斯國家利益」、「確保俄羅斯國家安全」、「維護俄羅斯主權和領土完整」與「維護俄羅斯在國際社會中的大國地位」四大戰略目標為基礎，並採取務實多元的態度來來構建其外交政策，在對美外交政策上，以維持與美國基本的穩定關係，並持續防止美進行戰略壓縮，維護俄羅斯周邊安全為重要努力的方向。然美國成為世界超級強國後，持續透過北約東擴、在獨立國家國協地區煽動「顏色革命」，策動烏克蘭危機，並持續加強美國在亞太與印太地區的戰略存在，不斷壓縮俄羅斯的國際戰略空間，且對俄羅斯的周邊安全造成影響。面對美國不斷的在國際上對俄羅斯進行各種手段的外交打壓，以及全球戰略重心逐漸轉向印太，身為歐亞大陸的俄羅斯，為了兼顧東西方的平衡發展，減緩烏克蘭危機以來以美國為主的西方國家對俄羅斯進行經濟制裁所造成的影響，在烏克蘭危機後，俄羅斯借由推動「轉向東方」政策，積極開發俄羅斯西伯利亞與遠東地區，同時透過區域聯盟、參與經濟組織等的方式持續與亞太、印太地區的國家維持良好關係，來平衡美國在印太地區對俄羅斯進行戰略壓縮，及防止對俄羅斯在印太地區的大國地位的削弱，俄美在印太地區競逐情況將持續呈現你來我往的局面。俄美在印太地區競逐的同時，中國持續崛起，成為俄美兩國相互拉攏的重要角色，俄美兩國在印太地區競逐的結果將是孰勝孰敗，端賴俄、美兩國與中國之間的關係互動發展。

關鍵字

俄羅斯；對美外交政策；印太；競逐

並列摘要

After the end of the Cold War, the United States became the world's superpower, while Russia replaced the former Soviet Union's role and continued to compete with the United States in the world. After Vladmir Putin first time become the president of Russia in 2000, he set four strategic goals as "protecting Russia's national interests", "ensuring Russia's national security", "upholding Russia's sovereignty and territorial integrity" and "maintaining Russia's status as a major power in the international community". In terms of foreign policy toward the United States, maintaining a basic and stable relationship with the United States, continuing to prevent the United States from strategic compression, and maintaining the security of Russia’s periphery are important directions of efforts. However, after the United States became a world superpower, it continued to expand eastward through NATO, instigated "color revolutions" in the National Association of Independent States regions, instigated the Ukraine crisis, and continued to strengthen the United States' strategic presence in the Asia-Pacific and Indo-Pacific regions, and constantly compressed Russia's international strategy space, and have an impact on Russia's perimeter security. In the face of the U.S.’s constant international diplomatic suppression of Russia by various means, and the gradual shift of the global strategic change to the Indo-Pacific, Russia, as the Eurasian continent, in order to take into account the development of the East and the West, to slowed down the impact of the country's economic sanctions by the U.S.-led Western countries on Russia wsince the Ukrainian crisis, Russia actively developed Russia's Siberia and Far East regions by promoting the "turn to the East" policy. At the same time, through regional alliances, participation in economic organizations, etc. Countries in the Pacific region maintain good relations to balance the strategic compression of the United States and the weakening of Russia’s status as a major power. The competition between Russia and the United States in the Indo-Pacific region will continue to present a situation of trade between you and me. While Russia and the United States compete in the Indo-Pacific region, China continues to rise and has become an important role for Russia and the United States to draw each other up. The outcome of the competition between Russia and the United States in the Indo-Pacific region will be winner or loser, depending on Russia and the United States’ relationship between China and China is developing interactively.