拓撲運算與製造:圖解導向之形態發生學

形態找尋的發展在設計運算與數位製造的影響與文化下日趨成熟，衍生百花齊放的演算形態與無縫傳遞資訊的新物質主義。深藏於繁複的形式之下，其中包含了設計思維、形態靈感、生成機器、構築系統與美學風格等與時俱進的辯證、方法和討論。然而自從千禧年後，便鮮有研究特別針對數位化的形態發生學進行有系統性地剖析，因此本研究試圖由數位形態找尋以至於數位製造的流程中，一方面整理數位圖解與形態生成的關係，另一方面探討拓撲找形的不同類型，提出以圖解為導向的數位形態發生學之設計方法討論。　　本研究分為文獻論述、理論發展、設計實驗與觀點論證四部分。首先將影響數位形態的文獻分類整理成建築理論、自然形態與形態找尋方法三大類。理論論述的主要討論以數位圖解完善整合訂製流程的必要性，自然靈感的形態論述則架構於以演算法為基礎的設計生成，形態找尋方法的轉變則是以離散的拓撲為主軸。理論發展部分，一方面將數位圖解更明確地定義為衍生圖解，且分析涵蓋與影響數位製造流程的相關圖解特性，另一方面定義以演算法與拓撲為分類的形態找尋架構，並以此為設計實驗的框架。綜合上述的文獻整理與理論發展，本研究首先分析數位建築中的相關演算法，實驗相對應的拓撲自主賦形的方法並加以分類，以找到拓撲形態的類型學。最後，以設計實驗中拓撲找形的演算法為基本模式，結合衍生圖解的演算、行為、性能、建造、與進化特性，驗證本研究由形態生成、模擬、分析至建造的複雜建模與製造流程。　　經由研究衍生形態到離散製造的複雜建模流程，與參數模型、線性設計流程的精煉方法，提出以群聚模式整合數位圖解與拓撲生形的交互架構，以作為基於數位形態發生學的設計方法論。本研究希望藉此討論自主形態構築的深層結構，並期盼邁向未來建築學的新興典範。

關鍵字

形態發生學；圖解；找形；參數化設計；衍生形態；數位製造

並列摘要

Abstract: 　　The development of morphological form-finding is increasingly well-established under the influence and culture of design computation and digital fabrication derived diverse algorithmic morphology and the New Materialism of seamless information flow. Reposed deep in the complex forms, are the dialectical, methodological and discussion-centered design thinking, morphological inspiration, generating machine, tectonic system and aesthetic style. However, since the new millennium, there has been rare researches on the systematic methodology of digital morphogenesis, therefore, this study attempts to deploy digital workflow to elucidate digital form and digital fabrication, the relationship between digital diagrams and morphogenesis, while on the other hand, exploring different types of topological form-finding, and proposes a design approach of diagram-oriented morphogenesis. This study is divided into four parts: the literature review, theoretical development, design experiment and demonstration of theoretical framework. Firstly, the classification of the literature affecting the digital morphology is divided into three categories: architectural theory, natural morphology and form-finding methods. The main impetus of the theoretical discussion is to perfect the integration of the bespoke workflow with the digital diagram, while the form of natural inspiration is based on the algorithm-based design generation, and the transformation of the form-finding method focuses on deployment of discrete topology. As for theoretical development, the digital diagram is more clearly defined as the Generative Diagram, and its features covering and affecting the process of digital fabrication is meticulously analyzed, while on the other hand the approach defines the morphology-finding framework based on algorithm and topology for designing experiments. Holistically imbuing the above-mentioned literature and theoretical development, this study first analyzes the related algorithms in digital architecture, and experiments with the corresponding autonomous topology-finding methods and classifies them to elicit their typology. Finally, the algorithm of topology-finding in the design experiments is taken as the basic model, and combined with the Generative Diagram of algorithmic, behavior, performance, fabrication, and evolutionary characteristics. Empirical verification of the complex modeling of this study emerges from morphogenesis, simulation, and analysis to construction of Complex Modelling and fabrication processes. By studying the Complex Modelling process generated discrete forms, and the parametric modeling, linear design process refinement method, aggregated patterns are elucidated and proposed to integrate the digital diagram and the topology-finding of the reciprocal structure, for use as the digital morphogenesis design methodology. This study aspires to deploy this discussion to elicit the deep structure of autonomous tectonics, and aims to develop future novel paradigms in the architecture field.