中華民國對拉丁美洲之經濟外交：以瓜地馬拉為例（2000-2010）

Economic Diplomacy of the Republic of China in Latin America: A Case Study of Guatemala (2000-2010)

張洹瑋(Huan Wei Chang)

指導教授 ： 王秀琦

淡江大學/國際研究學院/拉丁美洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00863

摘要

拉丁美洲對於中華民國來說，是外交工作中最重要的區域之一。中華民國自從1971年退出聯合國後，國際政治影響力日漸降低，加上1979年與美國斷交的影響，與中華人民共和國的『一個中國』政策，世界上與中華民國維持邦交的國家數逐年銳減。直至目前，中華民國只與23個國家有大使級外交關係，除了歐洲的梵蒂岡外，分別分布於拉丁美洲，非洲與南太平洋島國區域。其中僅拉丁美洲一區，就有12個國家與中華民國維持邦交關係，而6個坐落於中美洲。

處於這樣劣勢的國際局勢下，中華民國展開了由『經濟外交』之外交政策護航下的國際外交之路。在經濟外交政策的運作下，第三世界國力較小的國家先接受再維持與中華民國外交關係。伴隨建交而來的，則是中華民國方面提供給友邦國家的經濟與技術援助，以協助友邦國家的經濟與社會的發展。於是，經濟外交運作的基礎條件就是，中華民國提供的援外計畫，與友邦國家願意持續維持與中華民國的外交關係，與在國際上支持她的國際地位的決心。

以擬人的角度來看，國際關係是由各個國家在國際舞台上的外交行為所綜合而成。每個國家在世界的舞台上，以自己的國家利益為出發點，決定國家的外交政策。接著再由外交政策，衍生出國家的外交行為。 每個國家的外交行為，最後才組成國際關係。目前，在23個梵蒂岡除外，中華民國所發展的外交關係裡，中華民國的國家利益為，在艱難的國際環境下，藉由友邦國家的存在與支持，保持該國國際地位的合法性; 另外，中華民國友邦國家在與該國發展外交關係下，期待來自該國的技術與經濟援助，以協助友邦國家的經濟與社會的發展，則是其國家利益。

因此，此論文的重點工作是，藉由調查中華民國在2000年以來，向友邦國家提供的經濟與技術援助，和此段時間內，友邦對於中華民國的國際地位所提出的政治支持，來察看中華民國外交政策『經濟外交』的實行成效。調查的範圍由大到小，從中華民國的友邦國家縮小到拉丁美洲的友邦國家，最後再將重心擺至中美洲邦交國。

關鍵字

經濟外交 ； 中華民國 ； 台灣 ； 瓜地馬拉 ； 對外援助 ； 貸款 ； 捐贈 ； 現實主義 ； 國力 ； 國家安全 ； 國家利益

並列摘要

Latin America is one of the most important regions for the foreign affairs of Republic of China. So far, the ROC maintains diplomatic ties with merely 23 countries, and except the Holy See, those diplomatic countries are majorly located in Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, especially in only one region, Latin America, there are 12 countries that have diplomatic ties with the ROC, and among them, 6 are in Central America.

Under the Economic Diplomacy, these countries maintain or extend diplomatic relations with the ROC, meanwhile, once diplomatic relation is extended, the ROC launches projects of foreign technical and financial assistance in countries which have or are going to extend their diplomatic ties with the ROC. In this case, it's clear to see that the basic pattern of this foreign policy is: the assistance projects for development of the ROC in her diplomatic allies and the promise of these countries to hold firmly their diplomatic ties with the ROC and support her in the international community.

International Relations are composed of behaviours of countries. And the behaviour of countries occurs when foreign policy is made on the base of concern of national interest of each other.
According to this, it's natural to back to think about what the national interest is when talking about foreign policy. In the case of the Economic Diplomacy of the ROC, it can easily find out that the national interest which the ROC is searching for in establishing diplomatic ties with countries is, the legitimacy of the nation, while facing the “One- China Policy” and the majority of the world takes the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate political entity of China; vice versa, countries which have or are willing and going to extend diplomatic ties with the ROC, tend to take advantage of her weak side of political position of the word and from there, look for national interest under this relationship. The majority of them expect that the ROC would help on the economic and social development of the countries with foreign assistance projects which are based on the strong economic power of the ROC.

Therefor, the main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of the foreign policy of the ROC, Economic Diplomacy after 2000, based on an investigation of foreign assistance projects that the ROC has already launched for those 22 diplomatic allies except the Holy See, and analyse the political supports which those diplomatic allies have extended to the ROC in international community for the maintenance of her political position. The investigation only evaluate ROC's Economic Diplomacy in those 12 Latin American countries with whom she maintains diplomatic ties, and finally focus on countries in Central America.

並列關鍵字

Economic Diplomacy ； Republic of China ； Taiwan ； Guatemala ； economic ； foreign aid ； donation ； load ； realism ； national interest ； national security ； power of the nation

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