飲料包裝之經濟效益分析

飲用水在人們生活中是不可缺少的。隨著人們生活水準提升，物質生活也相對提高，單純的飲用水已經不足以滿足現代人的味覺要求，於是各類飲料廣泛且快速的成長。但是要如何保存與攜帶，就成為了人們研究的議題。目前世界廣泛使用的飲料包裝包括塑膠瓶、鐵鋁罐、玻璃瓶、鋁箔包及紙盒包，各有各的功用及特別之處。而飲料包裝材料的資源回收，亦是目前社會上遇到的一大難題。政府積極的宣導各項有關的回收政策，並對我們的下一代教導環保的概念。但是以現狀來看，政策卻與實行之方向有很大的出入。經歷拾荒者收集、回收獎勵金及現在的資源回收四合一政策，依據不同的社會型態，有著不同的政策考量。本研究主要以經濟、政策及環境面作為討論的重點，及市場失靈與政府失靈的角度觀察現行回收制度問題，歸納出解決問題的根源以符合參與限制與誘因相容兩項原則，才可達成回收政策的目標。以寶特瓶(飲料包裝材料現今以寶特瓶容器為最大宗)為個案研究分析，探討環境與經濟之間的問題並選用適當的政策及再生市場的擴大化。

關鍵字

資源回收；寶特瓶；經濟誘因；政府政策；稅；飲料包裝

並列摘要

Drinking water is indispensable in people's life. People nowadays are pursuing better quality of material life as their living standard gets higher, the dull taste of drinking water is not enough for modern people. Therefore, there is a very fast growth of the types and amount in beverage market. How people preserve and carry all kinds of beverage is becoming an important issue to study.The most common materials are now used for wrapping are plastic, iron, aluminum, aluminum screen, glass, and paper. It is currently a big problem that we can’t fully recycle the wrapping material of all kinds of beverages. Our government has been working on the environmental education of our next generation as well as recycling-policy propaganda. Still, there is a huge discrepancy in the policy and pragmatism.Policies have always been made by taking different types of societies into consideration. The different types of societies mean the pragmatism of recycling status has been gone through three stages, which are garbage collectors, recycling premium, and Four-In-One resource recycling policy.This research’s discussion mainly focuses on economy, policy and the environment. With this research, we try to find out why there is dysfunction in current resource recycling system from the angle of market failure and policy inefficiency.For achieving the ultimate goals of resource recycling policy, we need to come up with a solution that can both fit in with the restraints of policy and economical incentives of the market.Taking P.E.T. bottle ( the most commonly used container for beverage packing ) as the case study subject, we are here to examine the paradox between environment protection and economy prosperity. Hopefully we can come up with relatively adequate policies and expect the expansion of resource reproduction market.