兵役制度的改革,關係著國家安全與經濟發展,自二次波灣戰爭後,因應作戰形態的變革、高科技武器的研發製造,以及台海防衛作戰的戰略指導,使我國在國防政策訂定,有關兵役制度的部分,也做了相當幅度的調整,開始朝向募兵制---職業化、專業化的「精兵」路線。 本文,是以探討我國推動募兵制之後,對後備戰力造成的影響,說明兵役與動員同為建軍備戰兩大支柱,影響後備戰力組建甚鉅。本文將以美國、日本、韓國、以色列等國的兵役制度為例,並以系統動態學質性分析探討募兵制對後備戰力的影響,供我國參考。 最後,以南部地區後備指揮部所辦理教育召集訓練教召員問卷調查為例,探討退伍召員服役時役別對其戰力之影響,經分析結果得出政府實施募兵制度後,志願役退伍之教召員在教召鑑測的合格率指標相較於義務役退伍官兵為佳。故在我國推動募兵制之「精兵政策」目標,是可達成提升後備戰力之效果,但因台灣面臨「少子化」,且國人從軍意願低落,因此建議我國兵役制度可採「徵募並行制」,不但可有效提升後備戰力,且可有效應付外在的威脅。
The reform of military service system is related to national security and economic development.Since the Second GulfWar,In response to the change of the war and development of high-tech weapons, and the strategic guidance of the Taiwan Strait defense operations, our country has made a considerable adjustment in the national defense policy and military service system.Begin to move towards theenlist system and professional elite. This paper is to investigate the effects caused by the force pushenlist system.Military and mobilization for the army to prepare for the two major foactors, the impact of the reserve forces are very important.In this paper, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Israel military service system as an exampleAnd using system dynamics qualitative analysis to explore the influence of theenlist system of reserve power, for our reference. Finally, taking the southern region's reserve command as an example, this paper discusses the influence of the reserve soldiers on their combat capability.Analysis results show that implementation of theenlist system of government, the rate of qualified volunteers in the teaching and learning is better than that of Compulsory service.Therefore, in our country to promote the "elite policy" can be reached to enhance the effect of reserve force.But because Taiwan is facing the "little child" and the people's willingness to join the army is low.Therefore, it is suggested to adopt the "parallel", which not only can effectively improve the reserve force, but also can effectively deal with the external threat.