鋰產業在南美洲的發展與挑戰

由於環保意識抬頭，電動車在世界各地日益盛行，其關鍵材料鋰電池的原料鋰也備受矚目，當今全球有超過半數的鋰資源都聚集在智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞，但是三國的鋰產業發展卻相差甚遠，因此本研究先梳理全球鋰資源的概況，再進一步聚焦三國各自的鋰產業發展，以法規和政策檢視彼此在發展過程中所擁有的優點與缺點。另一方面，智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞在開採鋰資源時還面臨諸多挑戰，就國內而言，鹽沼的過度開發不僅衍生出水資源問題，也影響了周圍原住民族的相關權利。從國外來看，近年來各國均大力推行潔淨能源，其中，中國更是制訂多項能源戰略與產業計畫，以獲得其在國際上話語權，因此智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞勢必將面臨更多國際間的政治角力。故本文以國際法、社區案例、國際情勢等多方面向審思開採鋰資源對鋰三角所帶來的負面影響。

關鍵字

鋰資源；鋰產業；鋰三角；智利；阿根廷；玻利維亞；潔淨能源

並列摘要

Due to the rising awareness of environmental conservation, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular across the globe. The key material of lithium batteries, lithium, is also attracting attention. Today, more than half of the world’s lithium resources are concentrated in Chile, Argentina and Bolivia, however, the development of the lithium industry in these three countries is different. Therefore, this research first gives an oversight of global lithium resources, then further focuses on the development of the lithium industry in these three countries. Finally it examines the advantages and disadvantages of each country in their development process of laws and policies. Secondly, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia still face many challenges regarding the exploitation of lithium resources. Domestically, the overexploitation of salt marshes not only creates water resource problems, but also affects the rights of the surrounding indigenous people. From a international perspective, in recent year many countries have ardently promoted the use of clean energy. Among them, China has formulated a number of energy strategies and industrial plans to gain international footing. Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia are bound to face more international challenges and political struggle. Therefore, this article uses international laws, international situations, and community cases to delve into the negative impact of lithium mining on the lithium triangle.