糖尿病共同照護網老年患者自我管理、社會支持及生活品質之相關因素探討

背景：第二型糖尿病病患隨著人口老化而日益增加。然而，過去糖尿病的研究，著重於疾病上的治療，對於老年患者自我管理、社會支持及生活品質之相關因素的研究仍有限。目的：探討第二型糖尿病老年病患自我管理、社會支持與生活品質之相關性及影響生活品質之重要預測因子。方法：本研究為橫斷式相關性研究設計，採方便取樣，以糖尿病共同照護網第二型糖尿病之老年病患為研究對象，於中部某糖尿病健康促進機構進行收案，共收案300名。資料收集採結構式問卷進行調查，問卷內容包括人口學基本資料、疾病特性、自我管理量表、社會支持量表及生活品質等量表，所得資料以SPSS 25.0套裝軟體進行統計分析。結果：第二型糖尿病老年病患生活品質平均分數55.70±6.79分(總分80分)，病患之年齡、教育程度、經濟狀況、參與糖尿病病友參加團體狀況、運動狀況；血糖狀況；自我管理；社會支持等均與生活品質達顯著相關。從整體逐步迴歸分析結果中，病患年齡(2%)、經濟狀況方面充足且有餘/大致夠用(6%)、有點不夠用(2%)、運動狀況3次/週(1%)、糖尿病自我管理中的健康飲食(4%)、身體活動(21%)及社會支持中的評價性支持(2%)是影響糖尿病老年患者生活品質的重要預測因子，整體迴歸模式可以解釋第二型糖尿病老年患者整體生活品質37%總變異量。結論：為提升第二型糖尿病老年患者之生活品質，臨床實務上醫療專業團隊須特別鼓勵高齡糖尿病患者，參與運動、加強其健康飲食、身體活動之自我管理，並提供評價性社會支持，期使病患血糖達到控制，以提高生活品質。

關鍵字

糖尿病共同照護網；第二型糖尿病老年患者；自我管理；社會支持；生活品質

並列摘要

BACKGROUND: Numbers of type 2 diabetes is increasing with the aging of the population. In Taiwan, diabetes mellitus ranks fifth among the top ten causes of death, and a high proportion of all diabetics are over 65 years of age. Researches regarding clinical diabetes are mainly focused on the treatment of diabetes, and there is little focused on the factors for social support, self-management and quality of life of elderly patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quality of life of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and its related factors. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional correlational study, with convenient sampling. The target population was elderly patients with type 2 diabetes registered in the diabetes shared care network. This study was conducted in an organization of diabetes health promotion in central Taiwan, with an enrollment of 300 elderly patients. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, which included basic demographic data, disease characteristics, social support scale, self-management scale, and quality of life scale, and the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 25.0 package software. RESULTS: The mean quality of life score for older patients with type 2 diabetes was 55.70±6.79 (mean score 69.6%). The quality of life score was significantly associated with age, education, financial status, participation in diabetes patient groups, exercise status; glycemic status in disease characteristics; diabetes self-management; and social support. From the overall stepwise regression analysis, patient age (2%), financial status (adequate and spare/about adequate) (6%), financial status (somewhat inadequate) (2%), exercise status 3 times/week (1%), healthy eating in diabetes self-management (4%), physical activity (21%), and evaluative support in social support (2%) were the predictors of quality of life in older adults with diabetes. The overall regression model explained 37% of the total variance in overall quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the quality of life of type 2 diabetic elderly patients, clinical practice should specifically encourage diabetic patients who are elderly, have financial difficulties, never exercised, lack self-management of diabetes, and social supporters to actively participate in the diabetes shared care network, in order to achieve blood glucose control and improve quality of life.

並列關鍵字

Diabetes Shared Care Network ； Self-management ； Social -support ； Diabetes mellitus type 2 elderly ； Quality of Life

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糖尿病共同照護網老年患者自我管理、社會支持及生活品質之相關因素探討

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