台灣中部地區中老年人對遠距照護的看法與使用意願之研究

背景及目的：隨著國人平均餘命的延長，需要健康照護的程度隨之提高，對醫療保健體系帶來極大的衝擊與負擔，因此遠距照護隨之興起。但目前台灣的研究多數著墨於遠距照護架構及模式的建構，缺乏以使用端為主，探討其對遠距照護的看法及使用意願的研究。而自2019年世界各國因新型冠狀病毒的肆虐，為減少直接醫療照護之風險，遠距照護議題再起。因此，本研究以台灣中部地區中老年人為對象，探討影響其對遠距照護的看法與使用意願的因素。方法：採橫斷式調查設計，共招募141位居住在台灣中部地區之45歲以上民眾為對象，運用自擬式結構問卷收集資料，內容包括：個人基本資料、對遠距照護看法與使用意願等問卷。資料以SPSS 22.0套裝軟體進行分析，統計方法包括：次數、百分比、平均值、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數、皮爾森積差相關及多元線性迴歸分析。結果：發現研究對象的年齡、教育程度、資訊產品使用狀況會影響對遠距照護看法與使用意願(p=.001~.03)，健康資訊來源總數則會影響其使用意願(p<.000)；在個人因素方面，年齡(p=.028)及有使用3C產品(p=.012)為顯著預測遠距照護總看法的變項，共可解釋9.7%的變異量；年齡(p=.032)、健康資訊來源總數(p=.032)、有使用網路吃到飽(p=.003)為顯著預測遠距照護總使用意願的變項，共可解釋14.6%的變異量；總體而言，健康資訊來源總數(p<.000)、有使用網路吃到飽(p=.008)及遠距照護總看法(p<.000)為顯著預測遠距照護總使用意願的變項，共可解釋72.5%的變異量。結論：個人因素之年齡、教育程度、健康資訊來源總數、資訊產品使用狀況，會影響遠距照護看法，而遠距照護看法則會影響使用意願；年齡、健康資訊來源總數、資訊產品使用狀況及遠距照護看法，為預測遠距照護使用意願的重要因子。目前新冠肺炎疫情肆虐，急重症醫療資源面臨莫大挑戰，推動遠距照護刻不容緩。未來可針對不同年齡、教育程度、看法之民眾，提供合適之遠距照護資訊及產品規劃，以提升民眾對遠距照護使用之意願。

關鍵字

中老年人；遠距照護；看法；使用意願

並列摘要

Background and purpose： As the average life expectancy of people has increased, the need for health care increases, which has had a great impact and burden on the health care system, so telehealth has emerged. However, most of the current research in Taiwan focuses on the construction of telehealth framework and models, and there are relatively few studies on the user's opinion and willingness to use telehealth. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in countries around the world in 2019, the issue of telehealth has reemerged to reduce the risk of direct medical care. Therefore, this study focused on middle-aged and elderly people in central Taiwan and explored the factors that affect their opinion and willingness to use telehealth. This study aimed to reach middle-aged and elderly (over 45 years of age) in central Taiwan to explore their opinion and willingness to use telehealth. Methods： A cross-sectional survey design was adopted and a total of 141 participants over the age of 45 living in central Taiwan were recruited to collect data using self-designed structured questionnaires, including demographic data, opinions on telehealth and willingness to use telehealth. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 software package, and statistical methods included the following: number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression Results： It was found that the age, education level and available information products of the participants affected their opinion and willingness to use telehealth (p=.001~.03), and the total number of sources of health information affected their willingness to use telehealth (p<.000). In terms of personal factors, age (p=.028) and application of 3C products (p=.012) were the variables that significantly predicted the total opinion of telehealth, with a total of 9.7% variation explained. Age (p=.032), total number of sources of health information (p=.032), and unlimited Internet data plan (p=.003) were variables that significantly predicted total willingness to use telehealth, with a total variation of 14.6% explained. In general, the total number of sources of health information (p<.000), had unlimited data plan on the Internet (p=.008), and the total opinion of telehealth (p<.000) were variables that significantly predicted the total willingness to use telecare, which can explain 72.5% of the variance. Conclusion: Personal factors such as age, education level, total number of health information sources, and application of information products affected the opinion of telehealth, then the opinion affected the willingness. Age, total number of sources of health information, application of information products, and opinion of telehealth were important factors in predicting willingness to use telehealth. Currently, the COVID-19 epidemic is raging and critical care medicine resources face great challenges; it is urgent to promote telehealth. In the future, appropriate planning of telehealth care information and products can be provided to people of different ages, education levels, and opinions, to improve the public's willingness to use telehealth.