新住民男性在台就業之影響因素與挑戰

近年來我國新住民男性的人數有漸增趨勢，從過去寥寥無幾的零星個體，到現在已是占新住民總人數近一成的群體。而在台灣日益高齡化、少子化的社會中，新住民作為尚未完全運用之勞動力，本研究希望能夠跳脫過去常見以新住民女性、新二代視角出發的研究，聚焦於新住民男性的感受，進一步釐清其就業影響因素與挑戰。礙於當今的新住民男性在台研究匱乏，為更加深入、全面地了解新住民男性在台之勞動力運用概況，本研究將以跨國婚姻脈絡與現象的梳理做為開端，一步一步從性別角色的期待、就業影響、職涯發展，來拼湊出其在台就業完整樣貌。藉由文獻回顧以及12位新住民男性的深度訪談，研究結論如下： 1.在台新住民男性多係源於自由戀愛下的婚姻關係，亦有脫貧考量。 2.源於性別角色的期待，會為新住民男性帶來挫折與壓力，尤其可見於初期尋職困難，而無法實踐養家糊口責任者。 3.新住民男性在台的就業影響茲分成：中文能力匱乏、尋職管道缺乏政府正式就業服務、與新住民社會支持團體連結感低、刻板印象、低劣勞動條件 4.除了前述困境，亦不可忽略人格特質、專業能力、背景、語言能力等作為新住民男性在台就業市場的優勢，以及其多具創業之想法。呈上述的結論，給予以下建議： 1.將社會支持觸及「男性」，拓展活動內容與培力課程。 2.提供新住民「中文線上學習」以及「語言交流教室」，以更為彈性的時段及內容授課。 3.政府與民間協力破除新住民刻板印象，打造友善的環境。 4.透過宣導等方式讓新住民了解當地勞動法令與自身權益 5.檢討「政府正式就業服務機構」的缺失，增加新住民男性使用的可近性。

關鍵字

新住民男性；就業影響因素；性別角色期待

並列摘要

In recent years, the number of New Male Residents in Taiwan has been increasing. There were few of them here in the past, which became a group accounted for nearly 10% of the total New Residents in Taiwan. Besides, with the aging population and declining birthrate in Taiwan, the labor force of New Residents has not been fully utilized. In the light of this, instead of female and children, the study focuses on the experience of New Male Residents, and clarifies the factors of employment influence. Due to the lack of research on New Male Residents in Taiwan, to have a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the labor force utilization of them, the research will start with the analysis of transnational marriage. Then we will move on to the discussion of gender role expectation, the factors influencing employment and career development, to see the whole picture. Based on the literature review and in depth interview with 12 New Male Residents, the conclusions are as following: 1. In Taiwan, the marriage relationship of New Male Residents mostly originated from autonomous. However, some will concern about poverty alleviation. 2. Expectation stemming from gender roles will bring frustration and pressure to New Male Residents, especially for those who have difficulties finding jobs in the early stage, and are unable to fulfill the responsibility of supporting the families. 3. The employment impact of New Male Residents in Taiwan can be divided into: the lack of Mandarin ability; lack of formal government employment services; low connection with New Residents social supporting groups, stereotypes; poor working conditions 4. Besides the difficulties mentioned above, we could not ignore the advantages of New Male Residents in the Taiwan market of employment such as personality traits, professions, background and language abilities, as well as the entrepreneurial ideas. Based on the conclusions, the recommendations are as following: 1. Bring social supports to “men” and diversify the content of activities and training courses. 2. Provide "Chinese Online Courses" and "Language Exchange Classroom" for New Residents to learn with more flexible time and content. 3. To break the stereotype of New Residents and create a friendly environment by the cooperation of government and the people. 4. Let New Residents understand labor laws and their own rights by disseminating all related knowledge. 5. Review the shortage of "Government Formal Employment Service Agency" and increase the accessibility for New Male Residents.