在台身心障礙學生申請高等教育之入學過程

Transition to Higher Education for Students with Disabilities in Taiwan

許立文(Jules Legouis)

指導教授 ： 姜以琳

國立政治大學/社會科學學院/亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/NCCU202101035

摘要

在討論社會福利和社會正義時，身心障礙者的教育是一個重要的議題。在高等教育系統中，身心障礙者總是被排除在外的主要原因有以下幾點：缺乏公平的入學管道、社會對身心障礙者的誤解、身心障礙者所面對的社會壓力（低父母期望值、霸凌……等）。台灣政府已表示願意為所有人提供一個具高度包容性的高等教育體系，並且為身心障礙學生提供保障名額並進行獨立招生考試，但同時這些考試卻又遺憾的對他們有重重限制，造成他們難以進入頂尖大學。在這項研究中，我採訪了12名台灣身心障礙學生，其中6名來自私立大學，另外6名來自頂尖國立大學，並詢問了他們考取大學的考試過程與經驗。根據研究結果顯示，入學機會會依據身心障礙的程度和類型有很大的差距，輕度肢體障礙或感覺障礙，相對於精神障礙或學習障礙，有更容易被頂尖大學錄取的趨勢，而造成此結果的主因為對身心障礙者的偏見、特殊考場的稀缺，以及身心障礙學生保障名額中的分配不均等問題。

關鍵字

身心障礙 ； 教育 ； 公平 ； 入學過程 ； 大學 ； 歧視

並列摘要

Access to education for people with disabilities is primary when social welfare and equity are discussed. The major causes for the non-inclusion of people with special needs within the higher education system are the inability to provide a fair entrance channel, the misunderstanding of the special needs of this population, and the social pressure (low parental expectations, bullying…) on people with disabilities. Taiwan has shown its willingness to provide an inclusive higher education system to everyone as it reserves a special exam and an independent interview channel for students with disabilities but those examinations more often than not do not allow them to access elite institutions. In this study, I interview 12 Taiwanese students with disabilities, 6 from private universities, 6 from elite public schools, and ask them about their experience with the college admission entrance process. The findings reveal that the enrollment opportunities are very different depending on the degree and type of disability; favorable for mild physical or sensory disabilities but disadvantageous for mental, psychic, or learning disabilities as well as any disability when the impairment is more severe. The reasons for that are mainly prejudices against people with disabilities, seldomness of exam accommodations, and unequal repartition of special quotas.

並列關鍵字

disability ； education ； fairness ； transition process ； college ； discrimination

參考文獻

Allan, J. (2010). The sociology of disability and the struggle for inclusive education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 31(5), 603-619.

Amrous, N., & Barhoumi, M. (2012). Emploi et Chômage des Personnes Handicapées. INSEE.

Association des Professionnels d'Accompagnement du Handicap dans l'Enseignement Supérieur. Handicap & Etudes Supérieures. Available from:

https://services.dgesip.fr/fichiers/APACHES-plaquette-handi.pdf [Accessed July 18,2021].

Barnes, C. (2007). Disability, higher education, and the inclusive society. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(1), 135-145.