猴山岳步道崩塌地的地形地貌記錄與分析

The documentation and analysis of the landform topography of Houshanyue landslide

陳泓錡(Hung-Chi Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳偉堯

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00013

摘要

台灣處於極端氣候的形態，時常有集中降雨造成邊坡不穩定，以至於山崩及土石流災情頻傳。本研究針對台北市文山區貓空指南宮站附近邊坡崩塌處進行長期多次觀測。因為民國97年的連續颱風豪雨所造成大規模的崩塌，崩塌範圍地勢起伏大，有些崩塌處不易進入，藉由攝影及掃描技術在崩塌現地進行大規模作業，以便建立三維立體影像及三維空間模型，以研究現地的地形演進和侵蝕過程。
因此本研究利用紅藍色差呈現立體影像及地面雷射掃描儀建立真實逼真的三維空間模型；建立立體影像主要是使用兩台相機從不同的角度來重建現場的三維場景，可使從未到過現場的人感受現地環境，為台灣首度針對邊坡災害拍攝超高解析度照片及製成3D立體影像，此外，本研究並利用一般影像、超高解析及3D立體影像，進行問卷調查，並完成統計分析。由統計結果顯示，3D立體影像和超高解析影像之間優劣並不明顯，依據研究對象需求不同，而有不同。
地面雷射掃描儀具有快速獲取完整高精度及高密度的空間資訊資料的能力，掃描資料以逼真的三維點雲模型方式呈現，可用於虛擬導覽及邊坡地形演進之評估，初步結果顯示中邊坡表面有微量的變化，但趨於穩定；本文利用攝影及掃描兩種技術，在不破壞原地形的情形下記錄崩塌地所有可視範圍（包括無法進入的區域），兩種技術分析結果皆可相互比對驗證。

關鍵字

山崩 ； 猴山岳 ； 立體影像 ； 點雲 ； 地面雷射掃描儀

並列摘要

Taiwan is under the influence of extreme weather conditions where intense rainfall often occurs and creates unstable slopes. Therefore, landslides and mudslides happen frequently. This study is consisted of repeated observations at the landslide site near the Zhinan Temple Station of Maokong Gondola in Taipei. The landslide occurred in 2008 due to heavy rains brought by successive typhoons. The hilly topography at the site made many locations inaccessible to researchers. Hence, the analysis of topographic evolution and erosion process can only be conducted through photography and laser scanning of the site.
This study used the principle of chromatic difference between red and blue to create 3D images, and the terrestrial laser scanning to establish 3D spatial models. Two images taken at different angles were used to create 3D scenes, which allowed a person who had never been to the site to see the site in 3D. This was the first time that a slope disaster was photographed using high resolution images and made into 3D. Furthermore, normal, high resolution, and 3D images were used in a survey to compare the relative effectiveness of the images. Statistical results showed that 3D and high resolution images were not significantly different in effectiveness. They could be used according to research needs.
Terrestrial laser scanner has the ability to rapidly generate spatial data with high resolution and high accuracy. The data obtained are called 3D point clouds and can be used to create virtual video tour of the site. The scanning results showed little change of the surface of the medium slope, and the slope appeared to have been stabilized. In conclusion, this study adopted two technologies, photography and laser scanning, to record all visible terrain of the landslide including those areas which were not accessible. Results from both technologies can be used to contrast and evaluate each other.

並列關鍵字

landslide ； Houshanyue ； 3D image ； point cloud ； Terrestrial laser scanner

參考文獻

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