RDF改質以研製人工煤之研究

Study on Characteristies of Artificial Coal by RDF Improvement

劉芝佑(Zhi-You Liu)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

台灣目前的發電方式主要以火力發電廠為主，而火力發電廠主要以進口燃煤作為火力發電的主要原料。就熱力學與熱化學觀點而言，靠著燃燒方式來推動活塞的方式所產生的瞬間扭力比馬達作工大上許多，是馬達遠不足以取代燃燒的一個要點，這也是煤與化石燃料自始至今仍被視為重要「戰略物質」的原因之一，如此也可清楚的看見生質綠能在未來所佔有的重要性，「人工煤(或可以精進的RDF-5取代」的發展也是此領域的主流與趨勢。
本研究利用RDF改質以研製人工煤，基於廢棄物回收再資源化的觀點為出發點，利用自焚化廠採集後的垃圾進行物性與化性分析，在六大類垃圾中挑選發熱值高、含氯量低的物質作為製作RDF燃料的組成物料，並加入廢食用油、松香與碳粉製成六種含不同比例廢食用油之樣品以研製人工煤，並進行四項實驗：成型狀態、熱值分析、熱重分析與硬度分析，並與天然煤之性質進行對比。
六項樣品其所含之廢食用油其重量百分比分別為9%(樣品一)、19%(樣品二)、29%(樣品三)、39%(樣品四)、49%(樣品五)、54%(樣品六)，在成型方面可得知廢食用油的添加量越少，其成型效果越佳。熱值分析的方面，六項樣品的發熱值分別為11,998.39cal/g、11,552.25 cal/g、10,735.48 cal/g、10,237.93 cal/g、9,574.07 cal/g、9,157.73 cal/g，實驗結果得知熱值隨著廢食用油添加量的增加而減少，是由於松香膠的比例相對的提高，而松香膠的熱值高於廢食用油。樣品在熱值上的理論估計與實驗結果皆可得知本實驗所配製之人工煤其熱值皆比天然煤的熱值8,180cal/g高，發熱值更為有效率。
熱重分析的部分經由實驗得知，樣品中廢食用油的添加量越多，熱重分析曲線越能貼近天然煤。計算熱重分析曲線下的百分比積分，天然煤為6945.93%、樣品一為2651.21%、樣品二為3009.31%，樣品三為3255.76%、樣品四為3300.94、樣品五為3234.61%、樣品六為3771.18%。
硬度測驗的方面，可得知添加廢食用油9%的樣品其硬度在莫氏硬度標準的鑑別中，硬度標準可達三，添加廢食用油19%的樣品其硬度可達二，添加廢食用油29%、39%、49%、54%的廢食用油樣品其硬度皆小於一，而天然煤的硬度範圍在一到四，實驗結果可得知廢食用油添加量越少的樣品，其硬度越能貼近天然煤。
在能源成本與效益評析的部分，台灣一年的垃圾焚化費用一個月約需耗費九億四千七百五十二萬元，一年則需要花費一百一十三億七千零二十四萬元。若使用百分之五十的將廢棄物回收利用研製人工煤，粗估在生產製作的過程中可至少可節省三分之一的垃圾處理費用，一個月則可節省一億五千七百九十二萬元，一年節省的費用可達十八億九千五百零四萬元。排放的空氣汙染量也較焚化與燃燒天然煤為少，著實有其不錯的經濟效益。

關鍵字

RDF ； 煤 ； 人工煤 ； 廢食用油 ； 熱值

並列摘要

The most popular power plant in Taiwan is thermal power plant. All of this fuel for these thermal power plants is import. In thermal dynamics and thermal chemistry opinion, inflammation push the piston can generate more transitory torque than motor. This is way the motor can never replace the inflammation method. Coal and petroleum is the most important strategy supplier around the world. It can show the importance of biomass energy in the future. The development of artificial coal or RDF-5 will be the popular tendency.
The topic of this research is produce artificial coal by modified RDF. Base on junk recycle, analysis the 6 type of high thermal low chlorine junk collected from incinerator by physical and chemical method to make combination material of RDF. Add edible oil wastes, resin and carbon powder mix with six different ratios of edible oil wastes to make artificiacoal. This sample will take four different analysis: Formation status、Thermogravimetric、Thermogravimetric、Hardness, compare with the nature coal.
The ratios of six different edible oil wastes are:9%、19%、29%、39%、49%、54%. In formation status , add less edible oil waste will get better formation result. In thermogravimetric analysis, the heat emission from six samples are:11,998.39cal/g、11,552.25 cal/g、10,735.48 cal/g、10,237.93 cal/g、9,574.07 cal/g、9,157.73 cal/g. Resin has more heat value than edible oil wastes. Because of higher percentage of resin contain, heat emission will getting less by higher edible oil wastes ratio. In theory estimate and experiment result, the sample of this experiment has higher heat value and efficient than nature coal(8,180cal/g).
In thermogravimetric analysis, area of graphic overlay will getting smaller by more edible oil wastes added. Thermogravimetric analysis curve will more close to nature coal.Caculating percentage points under the thermogravimetric curve we can get the value for nature coal is 6,945.93%、sample1 is 2,651.21%、sample3 is 3,255.76%、sample4 is 3,300.94%、sample5 is 3,432.61%、sample 6 is3,771.18% .
In hardness test, Mons' hardness scale can reach 3 by 9% of edible oil wastes added. Mons' hardness scale can reach 2 by 19% of edible oil wastes added. The hardness will smaller than 1 by 29%、39%、49%、54% edible oil wastes added. The hardness range of nature coal is 1~4. The result of this experiment shows less edible oil wastes added will getting close to natural coal.
In cost of energy analysis, dispose of waste by incinerator will cost 947,520,000NTD/Month or 11,370,240,000NTD/Year. If use 50% of recycle to produce artificial coal, it can save 1/3 of money to dispose of waste.It can save 157,920,000 NTD/Month or 1,895,040,000NTD/Year. The airpollution after buring of artifial coal is also lower than incinerator and natural coal. It shows a great economic benefit.

並列關鍵字

RDF ； Coal ； Artificial Coal ； Edible Oil Wastes ； Heat Value

參考文獻

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