二次變電所及饋線之雷擊及開關突波特性分析及其對低壓用戶之影響評估

Lightning and Switching Surge Characteristics Anclysis for Secondary Substations and Feeders and Affection Assessments for Low Voltage Customers.

范振航(Chen-Hgng Fan)

指導教授 ： 周至如

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00077

摘要

現今一般家用電器大多為電子產品，具有多功能及體積小的特點，但其對突波的耐受力通常偏低，以致伴隨著雷擊及線路開關操作後，造成用戶設備損壞事故也時有耳聞。本文探討典型11.4kV配電系統，從二次變電所主變壓器至用戶間之饋線遭受雷擊及線路開關操作時所產生之電壓突波對於低壓用戶設備的影響。
本文首先以電磁暫態分析程式(EMTP)之改良程式(ATP)建構二次變電所及配電饋線之模型，然後分析模擬雷擊發生時之突波特性，模擬條件將考慮不同雷擊注入點及不同程度大小之雷電流，所產生之突波值，接著分析系統上開關切換時(含投入及切離)所產生的突波特性，還將三相開關投入及切離之時間同步、不同步考慮在內。最後將模擬結果與IEC標準規範之低壓設備突波電壓容許值進行比較，以評估低壓用戶設備可能遭受的影響。
評估結果顯示當主變壓器二次側開關操作在三相不同步投入時，可能造成敏感設備有功能上的障礙，但不致損壞，而饋線遭受一般雷擊時，對鄰近低壓用戶之設備可能造成較大之傷害。故必須更加重視低壓用戶之突波防護議題，本研究對此可提供相關資訊及數據。

關鍵字

雷擊突波 ； 開關突波 ； 低壓用戶 ； 二次變電所 ； 饋線

並列摘要

Nowadays, most of home-use electrical appliances are electronic products which usually have the advantages of multifunction and small size, but their capability to withstand the impacts of lightning and switching surges is usually low. Consequently,damage cases in the low voltage customers due to lightning and switching surges from feeder are frequent. In the thesis, the characteristics of lightning and switching surges of secondary substation and feeders are analyzed, and the surge voltages from feeder to low voltage customers are surveyed and the affections are evaluated.
First of all, Modeling based on the alternative transient program (ATP) of electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) for secondary substation and the downstream feeders are presented. Then, the voltages at low voltage customer during various types of lightning and switching at substation and feeder are analyzed based on ATP simulations. For lightning surge simulation, different lightning points with different lightning strengths are considered. Also, for the switching surge simulation, the switch close and open operations at primary and secondary sides of substation and at the feeder under synchronous and non-synchronous operation are considered.
Finally, the affections of lightning and switching surges on the low voltage customer will be assessed based on the comparisons between the simulation results and the surge voltage tolerances of low voltage equipments specified by IEC standard. The assessment results show that malfunction may be occurred on the sensitive equipments in low voltage customers due to surge voltage from the switch non-synchronous close operation, while various equipments will suffer form damages due to lightning on the nearby feeder. Thus, more attention should be given to the surge protection issues for low voltage customer, and the study can provide related information and numerical date.

並列關鍵字

Lightning Surges ； Switching Surges ； Low Voltage Customers ； Secondary Substation ； Feeder

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